Patriarch Luo as a Writer and Reader: Speculating about the Creative Process behind the Five Books in Six Volumes
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Patriarch Luo or Luo Qing was the author of a very influential religious work traditionally known as the Five Books in Six Volumes. They contain his religious autobiography as well as statements on various points of religious practice, supported by a wealth of quotations that stem mostly from the Buddhist canon. This article first deals briefly with Luo Qing's biography, pointing out that reliable historical knowledge on him is extremely limited. Much of what is claimed about him in the secondary literature, including his purported name of Luo Menghong, is derived from later, mythological sources. What we do have are his own written works. By analyzing patterns in quotations from these works, this article tries to uncover the author's patterns of reading and writing. A quantitative analysis of the sources shows that the Five Books in Six Volumes seemingly quote a large number of different, mostly Buddhist texts, but that by far the largest number of these quotations comes from a very small number of works. Moreover, the quotations often have minor mistakes, appear in the wrong sequence, and are highly selective and even haphazard. On the basis of an analysis of some striking examples, it is argued that Patriarch Luo or Luo Qing may not even have been quoting directly from written texts, but was instead quoting from memory. This would also explain why he sometimes quotes only a very small number of fragments from one particular source, since he may not been quoting directly from that source, but rather from a lecture he heard from a Buddhist teacher at one or another point in his life.
Abstract
Patriarch Luo or Luo Qing was the author of a very influential religious work traditionally known as the Five Books in Six Volumes. They contain his religious autobiography as well as statements on various points of religious practice, supported by a wealth of quotations that stem mostly from the Buddhist canon. This article first deals briefly with Luo Qing's biography, pointing out that reliable historical knowledge on him is extremely limited. Much of what is claimed about him in the secondary literature, including his purported name of Luo Menghong, is derived from later, mythological sources. What we do have are his own written works. By analyzing patterns in quotations from these works, this article tries to uncover the author's patterns of reading and writing. A quantitative analysis of the sources shows that the Five Books in Six Volumes seemingly quote a large number of different, mostly Buddhist texts, but that by far the largest number of these quotations comes from a very small number of works. Moreover, the quotations often have minor mistakes, appear in the wrong sequence, and are highly selective and even haphazard. On the basis of an analysis of some striking examples, it is argued that Patriarch Luo or Luo Qing may not even have been quoting directly from written texts, but was instead quoting from memory. This would also explain why he sometimes quotes only a very small number of fragments from one particular source, since he may not been quoting directly from that source, but rather from a lecture he heard from a Buddhist teacher at one or another point in his life. 키워드
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