트럼프의 정치적 등장 이후 급속하게 재등장한 ‘백인우월주의’에 대한 종교사회학적 일고찰
A Study on the Rapid Re-Rise of White Supremacy After Trump’s Entrance into the Political Scene with the Perspective of Sociology of Religion
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초록
본 연구는 트럼프의 등장 이후 나타난 백인우월주의의 재등장 현상에 대한 종교사회학적 해석을 목적으로 한다. 백인우월주의의 재등장은 백인우월주의가 대통령 트럼프, 종교적 보수주의, 그리고 정치적 극우와 맥을 같이하고 있다는 의미에서 새로운 사회 현상이 아닐 수 없다. 즉 근본주의적 복음주의 중심의 ‘종교 우익’, 미국 패권주의를 앞세우는 ‘정치 우익’, 그리고 백인우월주의를 내세우는 ‘대안 우파’가 트럼프를 중심으로 ‘미국 백인 기독교 국가주의’를 지향하면서 오늘날 세계의, 그리고 미국의 사회정치적 지형에서 새로운 갈등의 중심축으로 작동하고 있다는 것이다. 구체적으로 첫째, 트럼프 등장 이후 더 과격해진 백인우월주의의 인식론적 배경으로 인종주의의 종교적 정당화와 백인우월주의의 총체적 의미체계를 제공하는 ‘크리스천 아이덴티티’ 신학의 역사적 형성과 전개 과정, 둘째, 트럼프의 등장 이후 바뀐 백인우월주의의 사회적 위치와 역할, 셋째, 자기중심적이면서 승자와 패자의 대결 구도로 세상을 보는 트럼프의 세계관에 영향을 끼친 기독교 신앙체계, 마지막으로 트럼프와 백인우월주의자와 보수적인 기독교 우익과의 접점 등에 대하여 추적한다.
Abstract
This study aims to interpret the re-rise of white supremacy after Trump's appearance with the perspectives of sociology of religion. White supremacists’ rapid re-emergence is a new social phenomenon in the sense that white supremacy is in line with President Trump, religious conservatism, and political extreme right. In other words, the 'religious right' centered on fundamentalist evangelicalism, the 'political right' with American hegemony, and the 'alternative right' advocating white supremacy are aiming for 'American White Christian Nationalism' centering on Trump. Also it is working as a central axis of new conflict not only in the socio-political landscape of the United States but also around the world. Thus, this study examines first, the social position and role of white supremacy that changed after Trump’s entry on the political stage, and second, the 'Christian Identity' theology that, as an epistemological background of white supremacy, has provided religious justification of racism. Third, this research tries to clarify a Christian belief system that has influenced Trump's worldview, which is self-centered and sees the world as a battlefield between winners and losers. Finally, contact points among Trump, white supremacist, and conservative Christianity are being traced.
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