安般守意 呼吸修行法의 原理와 機能

Abstract

My research focuses on the Principle and Function of Breathing-Practice as Ānāpāna Sati(安般守意呼吸修行法). After Śākyamuni Buddha became a Śrāmaṇa, he first sat in meditation by the teaching of the masters such as Ālāra-Kālama, Uddaka-Rāmaputta and secondly practised the asceticism for six years. But he could not attain the Anuttarasmyaksaṁbodhi(正覺) and Mokṣa(解脫) by the extreme method. Therefore he began to sit in meditation under the Bodhitree for forty nine days by the new method such as the Breathing-Theory of Ānāpāna Sati. Then he finally became a Buddha. 'An-pan(安般)' in Ānāpāna Sati Sūtra is the abbreviation of 'Ana-pana(安那 般那)' which is translated in Chinese from Sanskrit Ānāpāna(Ānā-Apāna). Originally 'Ānā' means the inhaling and 'Apāna' means the exhaling. 'Shou-ī(守意)' is Sanskrit Sati and means the concentrating one's mind at a spot. So 'An-pan-shou-ī' signifies the concentrating and keeping one's mind through alternately counting the breath of inhaling and exhaling from one to ten. The Principle of Breathing-Practice as Ānāpāna Sati is Madhyamaka(中 道原理) as Pratītyasamutpāda(緣起作用). The Function of Breathing-Practice as Ānāpāna Sati is to reach the stage of dhyāna where mind, body, breath(Citta, Kāya, Prāṇa) are harmonized as a unit and all sufferings are disappeared by means of the six wisdoms(六黠) and the thirty-seven aids to enlightenment(三十七品道) such as Āryaāṣṭāṅgamārga(八正道) etc. That is the stage of dhyāna where mind, body, breath are so immovable that have not any obstacle, arriving very silent, peaceful state as Nirvāṇa. Buddha's Ānāpāna Sati Practice had come by the influence from Indian historical backgrounds such as Yoga etc. All the more, after this, it has influenced the Dhyāna trainings such as Chinese and Japan, Korean dhyāna trainings. Specially it has been the origin in which the Danjeonjusonpeop(丹田住禪法) has come by Suseupchikwanchoasonpeopyo(修習止觀坐禪法要) of Chiui(智顗), Huiminggyeong(慧命經) of Leu Whoa Yang(柳莘陽) in China and Yasonhanwhoa(夜船閑話) of Paeckeun(白隱), Yeongpyeongkwangrog(永平廣錄) of Dowon(道元) in Japan, Won Bulkyo Jeongjeon(圓佛敎正典) of Sotaesan (少太山), Yogason(요가禪) of Daesan(大山) in Korea.