온라인 공론장을 둘러싼 정당과 시민사회운동의 헤게모니 경쟁에 대한 분석
Hegemony Competitions between Political Parties and Civil Society Movements over the On-line Public Opinion Sphere
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미래학자들이 추측했던 것처럼 개방적이고, 쌍방향적이며, 시ㆍ공간의 제약 으로부터 자유로운 탈출을 가능케 하는 인터넷의 진보는, 정치 과정에 있어 일 반시민들의 정치참여에 많은 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 논문에서는 온라인 공론장 으로 인터넷을 활용할 때, 정치참여가 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를, 정치사회와 시 민사회의 주요행위자인 정당과 시민사회운동 간의 헤게모니 쟁탈전이라는 관점 에서 이론적으로 분석해보고자 한다. 정치사회와 시민사회는 공히 인터넷을 이 용한 온라인 공간을 현대 ‘대의민주주의’의 한계성을 극복 할 수 있는, 보완 또 는 참여의 진작으로서 활용하고 있다. 정치사회는 ‘참여민주주의’의 진작이라는 명분으로, 정당정치의 홍보와 동원의 수단으로서, 정치세력화를 확대 시켜나가 며, 시민사회는 국가와 정치사회로부터 자율성과 독자성 그리고 사회운동의 자 원동원적 측면에서, 저항 할 수 있는 ‘직접민주주의’의 수단으로 온라인 공간을 활용하고 있다. 온라인을 둘러싼 정치사회와 시민사회의 이러한 상반된 활용은, 결국 양진영의 헤게모니 경쟁을 통하여 정치사회현상 전반에 걸친 영향을 미치 게 되고, 이는 누가 헤게모니를 쟁취하느냐에 따라 보이지 않는 통제 혹은 무질 서를 발생시킨다.
Abstract
As the futurologists have anticipated, the development of internet have enormous influences on the political participation of general citizens in the political process. This article attempts to analyze theoretically the effects of the use of internet as an online public opinion sphere, from the point of a competition for hegemony between political parties and civil society movements, respectively the main actor of political and civil society. Both political society and civil society are making use of the online public sphere on the web to overcome the limits of modern ‘representative democracy’ and to facilitate political participation. While political society utilizes the internet as a means of public relations of party politics or public mobilization to expand political power in the name of promotion of ‘participatory democracy’, civil society exploits it as a means of ‘direct democracy’ to get its autonomy from the state and political society to mobilize its own resources. This conflicting use of the internet by political society and civil society causes competitions for hegemony over the online public opinion sphere between the two and has significant influences upon the overall political and social phenomena. Thus, who takes the hegemony may result in invisible control or public disorder.
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