국제개발협력과 개발도상국의 시민사회:공여국의 베트남 시민사회 지원을 중심으로
International Development Cooperation and Civil Society in Developing Countries: With a Special Reference to Donors’ Support to Vietnam Civil Society
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초록
1990년대 국가주도의 개발방식과 신자유주의 정책이 비판되면서, 개발영역에서 시민사회의 역할이 주목받았다. 2008년 아크라 행동강령을 통해 시민사회단체(CSO)는 ‘독립적인 개발행위자’로 인정되었다. 서구 공여국들은 개발도상국의 발전을 위해 자국 시민사회의 지원을 넘어, 민주주의와 굿거버넌스 확산, 빈곤감소, 책임과 주인의식 확산을 위해 개도국의 시민사회를 직접 지원했다. 본 논문은 공여국의 개도국 시민사회 지원에 초점을 맞추어, 지원 목적, 쟁점과 정책적 동향을 고찰한다. 나아가, 개도국의 시민사회 지원이 가지는 의미와 과제를 베트남 사례 분석을 통해 설명한다. 권위주의 정치체제를 가진 베트남에서 시민사회는 ‘사회우선’ 전략을 채택하여 사회적 서비스를 제공하였다. 공여자들의 베트남CSO지원은 사회적 서비스 이외에도, 인권과 민주주의 분야로 확대되고 있다. 이는 향후 공여자 및 베트남 시민사회와 베트남 정부 간 긴장관계를 형성하는 도전과제로 작용할 수 있으며, 현지 시민사회를 지원하는 공여국의 정책에 중요한 시사점을 제시한다.
Abstract
As the state-dominated development and neo-liberal policies were criticized in 1990s, the role of civil society has been paid attention. Through the Accra Agenda for Action in 2008, international society has acknowledged civil society and civil society organizations (CSOs) as independent actors within the international development. Donor countries have supported local CSOs in developing countries for democracy and good governance, effective poverty eradication and accountability. Focusing on the support for local CSOs in developing countries, this article is concerned with examining theoretically aims, main issues and policy trends of the support for local CSOs. Furthermore, we analyze the case of local CSOs support in Vietnam. In Vietnam, which is under authoritarian regimes, local CSOs have served a social service provider by adopting ‘society first’ strategically. But the donors’ support for local CSOs has extended to include human rights and democracy. It may be a challenge to cause tension among donors, local CSOs and government in Vietnam. Explicating the significance and task of local CSO support in Vietnam, we intend to suggest the implications for donor countries’ policy of local CSOs support.
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