국제개발협력 사업에의 시민사회 결합방식: 일본과 독일의 거버넌스 유형과 한국적 함의
Governance Mechanisms to Mobilize Civil Society Organizations for International Development Cooperation A Comparative Analysis of Japan and Germany and Its Implications for South Korea
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이 논문의 목적은 국제개발원조를 결정하고 집행하는 과정에서 시민사회단체가 어떤 방식으로 정부정책에 관여하고 협조하는가의 주제를 놓고 대표적인 선진공여국인 일본과 독일에 대한 비교연구를 통해 한국을 위한 함의를 도출하려는 데에 있다. 논문에서는 시민사회단체가 국가의 국제개발원조 정책과 조우하는 지점을 정책결정 전 과정에서 고루 찾아볼 수 있는 유형을 ‘수평적 거버넌스’로, 특정 단계에 제한되어 도구적인 용도로 시민사회단체가 동원되는 유형을 ‘수직적 거버넌스’로 나누고, 이를 각각 독일과 일본의 사례를 설명하는 분석틀로 삼아 분석을 진행한다. 나아가 선진공여국의 개발원조를 둘러싼 국가와 시민사회 관계 형성의 두 상반된 패턴을 비교·분석함으로써 향후 한국형 모델을 도모하는 데 일조함과 동시에, 적극적인 시민사회단체의 참여와 정부의 수용을 바탕으로 이루어지는 수평적 거버넌스를 장차 한국 국제개발원조에서 필요한 국가-시민사회 관계의 모델로 삼아 제시한다.
Abstract
By a comparative analysis of German and Japanese experiences in the sense of how each case has developed the relationship between the state and civil society organizations (CSOs) in implementing international development projects, this article sets out to elicit some constructive implications for the prospect of the Korean way of state-civil society relations. The two patterns of state-civil society links are advanced as a plausible parameter to demonstrate the distinctive features between Japanese and German paths of incorporating civic demands into the official process of decision-making. While the German case could be identified with ‘horizontal governance’ which comes to mean civic associations’ proactive participation in all-round stages of the government’s decision-making procedures,the Japanese one shows a typical example of ‘vertical governance’, which captures a limited window of opportunity for CSOs to get into the official channels of governmental agencies. The whole review of the two advanced donor states’ institutional efforts to mobilize civic forces for the purpose of effective implementations leaves us to realize that the pattern of horizontal governance would be a better solution for the future path of the Korean model for the positive links between the state and civil society.
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