동남아시아 지역 에너지 산업 민영화의 경험과 교훈
Experiences and Lessons of Privatization in the Energy Industy of Southeast Asia
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 논문은 개도국 공기업 민영화의 배경과 성과 그리고 한계에 대해서 분석하고 사례분석으로서 동남아시아 에너지산업의 공기업 민영화의 경험을 검토한다. 1980년대 이후 여러 개도국들은 신자유주의 발전전략 하에서 공기업의 민영화와 규제완화를 시행했으며, 에너지산업에서도 민영화와 산업의 구조재편이 추진되었다. 그러나 이러한 정책은 요금상승과 공급의 불안으로 이어진 경우가 많았고 민영화가 경제성장을 촉진시킨다는 근거도 희박하다. 한편, 여러 동남아시아 국가들은 금융위기와 재정난을 배경으로 에너지산업에서 구조재편과 민영화를 추진했지만 시민들의 반발에 직면했다. 싱가포르에서는 1980년대 후반 이후 부분적으로 민영화가 도입되었지만 여전히 정부가 여러 공기업을 소유, 지배하고 있고 다. 이 논문의 함의는 에너지산업 공기업의 효율성 상승을 위해서는 민영화가 아니라 공기업의 독립적이고 책임 있는 전문경영을 강화하면서 산업의 통합적인 관리를 추구하는 개혁을 추진해야 한다는 것이다.
Abstract
This paper analyzes backgrounds, performances, and limitations of privatization, and examines experiences of privatization in the energy industry of Southeast Asian developing countries. Many developing countries introduced privatization and deregulation under the neoliberal development strategy, including the energy sector for the purpose of increasing efficiency. However, privatization and deregulation resulted in the increase of prices and instability of supply in the energy industry frequently, and there is no empirical evidence that privatization promotes economic growth. Meanwhile, the Philippines and Indonesia introduced privatization and deregulation in the gas and electricity industry, but this was closely related with the financial crisis and financial trouble and people were opposed to them. Public companies have shown great performances in Singapore under the ownership of the government. Singapore introduced privatization partly after the late 1980s and recently adopted deregulation in the energy industry, however the government still own and control public companies. This paper argues that we should introduce alternative reforms to strengthen independent and responsible management of public companies, not privatization, and to develop integrated management of the energy industry.
참고문헌 (70)
- 김대환, "민영화 논리의 비판적 검토: 시장·규제 및 소유권과 관련하여", 사회비평, (10) (1993)
- 박지연, "최근 에너지산업 M&A의 추진배경 및 시사점: 상류부문을 중심으로", 가스산업, 5(1) (2006)
- 산업자원부, "싱가포르 Temasek의 지배구조 및 시사점: 공기업 개혁 관점 중심으로", ~ (2008)
- 송대희, "싱가포르 공기업부문의 경제적 중요성과 민영화정책", KDI 정책포럼, (77) (1995)
- "에너지경제신문. 2005.7.15, 동남아 3국 전력시장 시찰기 3 , 필리핀 편", ~ (2005)
- "에너지데일리. 2005.7.1, 세계의 전력시장을 가다", ~ (2005)
- 이강국, "전 세계적 전력산업의 구조재편: 한국에 주는 시사점 in: 전력산업의 공공성과 통합적 에너지관리" (2007), 도서출판 한모임
- 이주환, "지구촌 돋보기 , 전력부문 구조조정에 저항한 인도네시아 노동조합", 노동사회 (2007)
- 임기홍, "세계전력산업동향 , 싱가폴", ~ (2006)
- 전국공공부문교수연구회, "21세기 한국의 전력산업" (2004), 도서출판 한모임
- 전국공공부문교수연구회, "전력산업의 공공성과 통합적 에너지관리" (2007), 도서출판 한모임
- "전기신문. 2005. 7. 6, 해외전력시장을 가다(2) 싱가포르 , 2098호", ~ (2005)
- "전기신문. 2005. 7. 11, 해외전력시장을 가다(3) 필리핀 , 2099호", ~ (2005)
- 정동식, "인도네시아 가스산업의 실태 및 시사점", 수은 해외경제 (2004)
- 정동식, "인도네시아 전력산업의 현황 및 전망", 수은 해외경제 (2005)
- 한국에너지신문, "한국에너지신문. 2005. 7. 15, 아시아 3개국 전력시장을 간다 (3) 싱가포르 . 430호", ~ (2005)
- 한국수출입은행, "태국 전력산업의 현황 및 전망", ~ (2005)
- 한국수출입은행 해외경제연구소, "인도네시아 석유, 가스 산업의 민영화 이후 최근동향", ~ (2003)
- Balyss, K., "Privatization and Poverty: The Distributional Impact of Privatization. Center on Regulation and Competition Working Paper, No. 16", ~ (2002)
- Birdsall, N, "Winners and Losers: Assessing the Distributional Impact of Privatization", World Development, 31(10) (2003)
- Brune. N., "The International Monetary Fund and Global Spread of Privatization", IMF Staff Papers, 51(2) (2004)
- Chankanit P., "PTT: After the Tom-Yum-Kung Disease", ~ (2003)
- Chang, H-J., "The Political Economy of Industrial Policy" (1994), McMillan
- Chong, A, "The Truth about Privatization in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank Research Network Working Paper, No. R-486", ~ (2003)
- Cook, P., "Privatisation and Economic Growth in Developing Countries", Journal of Development Studies, 36(6) (2003)
- Cook, P., "An Appraisal of Performance of Privatized Enterprises in Developing Countries. Center of Regulation and Competition Working Paper Series, No. 105", ~ (2004)
- Corral, L., "IFIs and Privatization in the Philippine Power and Water Sectors" (2003), Asian Labor Network on IFIs
- Demsetz. H, "The Structure of Public Ownership", Journal of Political Economy, 통권 : 93 (1985)
- Development Bank of Japan, "Privatization and Contracting Out Trends in Singapore. DBJ Report S-32", ~ (2003)
- Domberger, S., "Privatization Policies and Public Enterprise: A Survey ; Privatization and Economic Performance" (1994), Oxford University Press
- Dreher, A., "IMF and Economic Growth: The Effects of Program, Loans and Compliance with Conditionality. Research Paper Series No. 1. Thurcauer Wirtschaftsintititut", ~ (2004)
- Easterly. W, "What Did Structural Adjustment Adjust? The Association of Policies and Growth with Repeated IMF and World Bank Adjustment Loans", Journal of Development Economics, 76 (2005)
- "Economist. 2006.8.10. National Oil Companies: Oil’s Dark Secret", ~ (2006)
- Energy Market Authority, "Sinagpore’s Electricity and Gas Sector: The Competitive Market Moves Forward", ~ (2004)
- Estache, A., "Utility Privatization and the Poor: Lessons and Evidence from Latin America", World Development, 29(7) (2001)
- Estache, A, "Current Debates on Infrastructure Policy. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. No. 4410", ~ (2007)
- Filipovic, A., "Impact of Privatization on Economic Growth", Political Economy, 14 (2005)
- Gani, A, "Foreign Direct Investmen and Privatization. USPEC working paper. No. 2005", 06, 2005
- Greasen, C. S., "Thailand’s Electricity Reforms: Privatization and Benefits and Socialization of Costs and Risks", Pacific Affairs, 77(3) (2004)
- Inquirer, "2007.12.13.(UPDATE) Philippine-Chinese group tops Transco bidding", ~ (2007)
- Kerf, M, "Revival of Private Participation in Devleoping Country Infrastructure. GRIDLINES, World Bank", ~ (2007)
- Kessides, I. N, "Reforming Infrastructure: Privatization, Regulation and Competition. World Bank Policy Research Report. World Bank", ~ (2004)
- Kikeri, S., "An Assessment of Privatization", Source: The World Bank Research Observer, 19(1), pp.87~118 (2004)
- Kikeri, S, "Privatization: Trends and Recent Developments. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. No. 3765", ~ (2005)
- Kikeri, S, "Privatization Trends: A Record Year in 2006. World Bank Group Note No. 317", ~ (2006)
- Godoy, S., "Growth, Initial Conditions, Law and Speed of Privatization in Transition Countries: 11 Years After", ~ (2007)
- Izaguirre, A. K., "Private Infrastructure World Bank Viewpoint Note No.274", ~ (2004)
- Lee, K-K., "Privatization and Economic Growth: An Empirical Examination", ~ (2008)
- Macan-Markar,M., "2006.3.27. Thailand: Court Ruling Hits Prvatisation Plans" (2006), Inter Press Service
- Mak, Y. T., "Determinants of Corporate Ownership and Board Structure: Evidence from Singapore", Journal of Corporate Finance
- Mak, Y. T., "Corporate Governance Practices and Disclosures in Singapore: An Update" (2000), The NUS Business School
- McKenzie, D, "Paradox and Perception: Evidence from Four Latin American Countries ; Reality Check: The Distributional Impact of Privatization in Developing Countries" (2005)
- McLeod. R. H., "Privatization Failures in Indonesia" (2002), Australian National University
- Megginson, W. L., "From State to Market: A Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization", Journal of Economic Literature (2001)
- NEDA(National Economic and Development Authority), "Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010. chapter 11. Power Sector Reforms", ~ (2003)
- Nellis, J, "Privatization: A Summary Assessment. Center for Global Development Working Paper, No. 87", ~ (2006)
- Nellis, J, "Reality Check: The Distributional Impact of Privatization in Developing Countries" (2005), Center for Global Development
- OECD, "Privatising State Owned Enterprises: An Overview of Policies and Practices in OECD Countries" (2003), OECD
- "Oil and Gas News. 2007.12.19. PTT Privatization OK'd; Pipline Assets Ceded", ~ (2007)
- Okogu,B., "Issues in Global Natural Gas: A Primer and Analysis. IMF Working Paper. WP", 02, pp.2002, ~
- Phan, P., "Corporate Governance in Singapore: Development and Prognoses", Academy of International Business Annual Meeting, Stockholm (2004)
- PSALM(Power Sector Assets and Liabilities Management Corporation), "TRANSCO Privatization", Presentation to Joint Congressional Power Commission (2006)
- Ramirez C. D, "Singapore Inc. Versus the Private Sector: Are Governmnet-Linked Companies Different?", IMF Staff Papers, 51(3) (2004)
- Sikorski, D., "Perspective for Privatisation in Singapore", Asian Journal. of Pacific Administration (1989)
- Teen, M. Y., "Corporate Governance in SOEs: A Singapore Perspective" (2005), OECD
- Temasek, "Temasek Review 2006: Managing for Value", ~ (2006)
- Transnational Institute, "Debunking the Myths of Power Liberalisation", ~ (2002)
- Vickers, J., "Privatization: An Economic Analysis" (1988), MIT Press
- Yarrow, G., "Privatization: Theory and Practice", Economic Policy, 2 (1986)
- Yeung, H. W, "Strategic Governance and Economic Diplomacy in China: The Political Economy of Government-Linked Comapines from Singapore", East Asia, 21(1) (2004)
