조선시대 재실의 형성과 입지특성

Abstract

The basic principle for ancestor worship in the Joseon Dynasty was dominated by Neo-Confucianism (性理學). Jaesi l (齋室) was built as a place to perform the sacrificial of their ancestors. It is functional for lodging and catered food, eumbok (飮福), mangje (望祭), etc., for the person attending the memorial service. Therefore, Jaesil which was a product of the gentry class in the Joseon Dynasty was the architecture for ancestor worship. This study was about the formation and location characteristics of Jaesil in the Joseon Dynasty based on the analysis of 146 Jaesils of three regions: Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do in Korea. The main results are as follows:1. Jaesil also called as Jae (齋) or Jaesa (齋舍) was built to perform the sacrificial ceremony for their ancestors and to keep their cemetery safe once or twice a year. Jaesil was named Jaewon (齋院) or Jaegoong (齋宮) where the royal ceremony was prepared. 2. The background of Jaesil formation was to form a jechuk organization (廟). Jaesil offered space for a cemetery memorial to the ancestor for more than five generations. A shrine was a place in a residential space. It was used to perform the ceremony for the family ancestry within four generations only. 3. The formation process of Jaesil was as follows: initially, the Buddhist way of the late Goryeo Dynasty and the Confucian way of the early Joseon Dynasty were mixed together. So, the memorial ceremony and cemetery management were performed as a form of Wondang (願堂) in temple area. Then, Jaesil was separated from the temple area and was located near the cemetery of the gentry house area as Jaeam (齋庵) due to the Buddhists rejecting the policy. Later it became separated again as the ceremony-in-house and the ceremony-at-cemetery after the Mid-Joseon Dynasty when the Confucian way was set. 4. Jaesil construction was not active in the early Joseon Dynasty. But the construction was active at Gyeongsangbuk-do where Confucian culture and the political power were stronger from the late 16th to the 17th century. It was spread into some areas of Chungcheong-do. Later it was spread into Gyeongsangnam-do and Cholla-do where the ceremony was set for the intelligent class as well as for the ordinary rank class after the 18th century for socio-economic reasons. 5. 73% of Jaesils were located in the north, northeast, and northwest of the cemeteries. Confucianism ordered that the cemetery be located at a higher elevation. It was assumed that they also considered the function for residences as well as ceremonial because 76% of them were southward. 6. The layout of the Jaesil plan at Gyeongsangbuk-do was "rectangular”. This had a strong sense of being closed and centerdness in the 17th and 18th century. The layout of other regions like Gyeongsangnam-do, Chungcheong-do and Cholla-do were "ㅡ type" and "＝type" which had a sense of openness. 7. The location of Jaesil was changed from mountains to near a village. However its location at Gyeongsangbuk-do in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty was separated from residential areas because of rigid Confucian discipline. After the 18th century, its location at Chungcheong-do and Cholla-do including Gyeongsangnam-do was close to the village because of the mitigation of Confucian discipline due to socio-economic reasons.