日韓・日中接触場面における聞き手言語行動の相互的構築－ 共話を成す「問い返し」発話を中心に －

Abstract

This study focuses on the role and function of “counter-questioning” utterances among co-construction response types in listeners’ linguistic behavior. These are in situations of Japanese-Korean and Japanese-Chinese contact which are first-time inter-cultural contacts. This project also analyzes utterances that request replies from counterparts for the purpose of comparing dialogue styles. Focusing on function, we analyze whether the social role relationships and different cultural backgrounds influence the operational aspects of the utterance of questions, even when questions are viewed as universal linguistic behavior. The major results are summarized as follows. 1. When researching the utterance frequency of “counter-questioning” and “questions” in contact situations, we can identify co-constructions (especially “counter-questioning”) which have been considered as an aspect of Japanese culture and identified by Mizutani and Ueno in the form of natural conversation by Japanese learners. Japanese learners were found to use counter-questioning over 10 times on average. 2. When analyzing “counter-questioning” and of “question” utterances which involve role replacement, it was found Japanese learners and Japanese native speakers attempt role replacement using of “question” utterances including interrogatives such as “how”, “what happened?” and “how many years”. 3. When reviewing the characteristics of the co-construction function of “counter-questioning”, it was found that Japanese learners stand out in using “counter-questioning” which extends the story of their counterpart based on estimations, while Japanese native speakers not only added and supplemented the other's story but also attempted to extend it by repeating “counter-questioning” and “questions” continually. 4. In situations of Japanese-Korean contact, “co-construction for supplementation and extension” of “question” utterances prevail, while of “question” utterances restricting the topic, providing the theme, or seeking clarification and specification prevail in Japanese-Chinese contact situation. The linguistic facts newly identified by this research may contribute to the reduction of misunderstandings and conflicts in situations of Japanese-Korean and Japanese-Chinese contact. As such contact will only increase in the future, the findings are applicable to Japanese education for Korean as well as Chinese learners.