ポライトネス理論の観点から見られる韓中日の不満表明行為に関する一考察

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify which complain expression behavior the female native speakers in Korea, China and Japan show to their peers and seniors, and comprehensively review this from the perspective of politeness theory. According to the chi-square test, there was a significant difference between Korea, China and Japan in ‘direct criticism speech’ and ‘concession speech’ in conversations with peers; and in conversation with seniors, ‘situation confirmation speech’ and ‘direct criticism speech’, ‘improvement request speech’, ‘alternative confirmation speech’, ‘alternative acceptance speech’, ‘concession speech’, and ‘acceptance speech’ showed significant differences. When reviewing these differences from the perspective of politeness theory, nonetheless there is superior and subordinate relation in the default status of Korean females, the behaviors of Chinese females expressing their complaint directly are marked behaviors, and the behaviors of Japanese females repeating apology, confirmation of the situation, explanation of the reason, statement of acknowledgment of responsibility only are likely to be marked behaviors. Meanwhile, in the default status of Chinese females, the behaviors of Korean females who use the direct criticism speech to the peer than seniors or shows the polite language behavior to the seniors at the same complaint situation are thought to be marked behaviors. And, in the ‘default status’ of Japanese females, the behaviors of Korean and Chinese females who speak their unpleasant emotion directly and clearly may be marked behaviors, in particular, the behaviors of Chinese females who usually do not use the concession and acceptance speech are thought to have a risk of marked behaviors.