불안정한 지지면에서의 균형운동이 시각장애인의 균형능력에 미치는 효과
The Effect of Balance Exercise on Unstable Surface on Balance Abilities of Individuals with Visual Impairment
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본 연구의 목적은 시각장애인을 대상으로 균형운동을 할 때 지지면의 상태를 변화함으로써 불안정한 지지면에서의 균형운동과 안정한 지지면에서의 균형운동을 한 집단의 자세동요지수(동요거리, 동요속도)와 직선보행 이탈거리를 측정하여 불안정한 지지면에서의 균형운동이 시각장애인의 정적 및 동적 균형능력에 미치는 효과에 대해 알아보고, 시각장애인의 자세동요와 동적 균형능력과의 상관관계를 파악하는 것이다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 서울특별시에 소재한 S맹학교에 재학 중인 1급 시각장애인 28명으로서 무작위로 실험군(n=14)과 대조군(n=14)으로 구분하였고, 실험군은 불안정한 지지면에서 균형운동을, 대조군은 안정한 지지면에서 균형운동을 주3회 5주동안 수행하였다. 운동 전후의 균형능력 변화를 알아보기 위해 정적 균형능력 측정은 힘판(PDM Multifunction Force Measuring Plate; Zebris, Germany)을 사용하여 양발모아서기와 탠덤서기 자세에서 자세동요지수를 측정하였고, 동적 균형능력을 측정하기 위해서는 직선보행 검사를 실시하여 서로 간의 상관관계를 알아보았으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 불안정면 운동군과 안정면 운동군 모두 운동 전보다 운동 후에 유의하게 자세동요 정도가 감소되었다(p<.05). 둘째, 불안정면에서 균형운동을 실시한 집단이 안정면에서 균형운동을 실시한 집단에 비해 운동 후에 직선보행 이탈거리가 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 셋째, 불안정한 지지면에서의 균형운동 후의 자세동요와 직선보행 이탈거리는 서로 상관이 있었다(p<.05).
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of balance exercise on unstable surface on static and dynamic balance abilities of individuals with visual impairment by changing surface states during balance exercise on individuals with visual impairment and measuring postural sway index(sway pathway, sway velocity) and straight walking deviation distance and to grasp the relationship between postural sway and dynamic balance ability. Subjects who participated in this study were 28 students with total blindness attending the S school for the blind in Seoul, and a unstable surface exercise group (n=14) and stable surface exercise group (n=14) were made randomly and balance exercise was performed three times a week for five weeks. To observe changes in balance ability before and after exercise, static balance ability was measured at the position of having two feet together and the tandem stance using force plate(PDM Multifunction Force Measuring Plates; zebris, Germany), and straight walking tests were given to measure dynamic balance ability and the relationship of each other, and the results were as follows. First, postural sway decreased in both stable and unstable surface exercise groups after exercise when compared to before exercise (p<.05). Second, deviation distances of straight walking showed notable decreases after exercise in the group which had balance exercise on unstable surface than the group which had balance exercise on stable surface (p<.05). Third, there was correlation between postural sway and straight walking deviation distances after balance exercise on unstable surface (p<.05). In conclusion, balance exercise was effective in decreasing postural sway in individuals with visual impairment and it was found that balance exercise on unstable surface had a better effect in decreasing postural sway than balance exercise on stable surface. Also, balance exercise on unstable surface was more effective than balance exercise on stable surface in decreasing straight walking deviation distances by improving static and dynamic balance ability so this is expected to be an effective exercise method for more safe movement in everyday walking.
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