転移動詞「あげる」の条件形の文法化と語彙化 －「あげると」「あげれば」の形の場合－

Abstract

The conditional form of a verb is the form taken by the predication of the subordinate sentence mainly to indicate that the event suggested in the subordinate sentence is the ‘condition (causal relationship in a broad meaning)’ involved with the establishment of the event suggested in the main sentence. However, ageruto and agereba among the conditional forms of ageru, the transfer verb which indicates the motion of changing the spatial position of an object or a person, have the derivational usage that lost the features of the verb. The development from the conditional form of the main verb into the derivational usage involves lexical and grammatical changes such as ageruto and agereba. In lexical aspect, the specific meaning, ‘lift up’, which changes the spatial position of an object or a person, becomes abstract and bleached. In the grammatical aspect, the sentence construction changes from a complex sentence to a simple one, and ageruto and agereba do not function as the predication of the subordination sentence and do not undergo inflection corresponding to voice, aspect, or polarity. And these forms lose its independence as a word, and is instead attached to other specific words. The derivational usage includes postposition, connective particle, and sentence adverb. As a postposition, it is used to listing items belonging to a certain category. As a connective particle, it is used to introduce another sentence that illustrates the contents of the preceding sentence. As a sentence adverb, it is used to describe how the speaker lists some events or objects; that is the attitude of the speaker. One of the factors that promoted the derivational usage is the subjective act of the speaker intending to achieve the purpose of communication which is called the ‘exemplification’ such as the ‘act of choosing specific items from objects or situations of the same kind and in a large number’ and the ‘act of relating an object or a situation to another object or situation’.