日本語慣用句の効率的学習と教育のための研究 －初中‧上級日本語教材の分析を中心に－

Abstract

This study was able to identify and classify four types of patterns of meanings and form. It is based on the results of a contrastive linguistic analysis of idioms appearing in lower, intermediate, and advanced Japanese study materials, in contrast to those of Korean idioms. In other words, we have differentiated following traits in Japanese and Korean idioms: 1) A type (Complete Symmetry), 2)A′ type (Partial Symmetry) 3)B type (Dissymmetry), 4) ⏀ type(Asymmetry). Following the results of a basic quantitative and semantic analysis, we came to understand the following: First, there were a large quantity of semantic types corresponding to the types of idioms in the order of type A⟶A′⟶B⟶⏀. Secondly, the semantic degree of difficulty is also in this order of type A⟶A′⟶B⟶⏀, and thus, for educational purposes, should also be presented in this order. Finally, the way of thinking between both countries, as well as similarities in ways of expression and conception, decrease through this semantic order of A⟶A'⟶B⟶⏀, and therefore we can see an increased tendency towards abstract thinking rather than concrete ways of thinking. Thus, needless to say, a larger semantic degree of difficulty also shows a larger degree of difference between cultures and language customs between the two countries. As for future research, we would like to further examine, select and present definitions and standards such “basic idioms” and “medium and high-level idioms”, based on the classification of these four types. Finally, following these prior conclusions, we conclude it would be suitable to write learning materials on “level-specific idioms” as part of Japanese language learning materials.