규제정치과정에서 정책행위자 역학관계: 집단 간 권력구조 네트워크 분석을 중심으로
The dynamics of Policy Actors in the Regulatory politics process: Focusing on a Network Analysis of Power Structure Among Groups
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 제21대 국회 전반기(2020.05.30.~2021.12.31.)의 ‘국회의원 주관 정책세미나’에서 논의된 322건의 규제정책 영역에 주목하여 네트워크 분석을 통해 여기서 나타난 2,230명의 공식·비공식 정책행위자들의 특성과 정치적 상호작용을 파악하였다. 분석결과, 다른 정책영역에 비해 정치적 갈등이 두드러지는 규제정책 영역의 특성상, 행위자들 간 갈등을 완화하고 조정자(coordinator)·옹호자의 역할을 담당할 수 있는 법조계 전문가를 중심으로 한 전문가 집단(교수, 연구기관)이 주요 행위자로 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 공공에서는 고용노동부, 경찰청, 공정거래위원회, 법무부 등 국가의 사법적·규제적 성격이 드러나는 기관들의 활발한 연계활동을 확인할 수 있었으며, 민간에서는 한국노총, 민주노총, 공공운수노조 등과 같은 노동계 이익집단과 더불어 복지계 공익집단, 경제·산업계 이익 및 공익집단 등 다양한 정책특성을 가진 행위자들이 중심적 역할을 하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 정책학·행정학 전문가들과의 토론을 통해 322건의 규제정책 사례를 선정하여 분석에 대한 신뢰성과 타당성을 확보하였다는 점, 그동안 상대적 관심이 부족했던 정책세미나를 연구대상으로 선정했다는 점 그리고 다수 정책사례를 선정하여 네트워크 분석을 활용함으로써 객관적인 시각에서의 정치적 상호작용을 살펴봤다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study focused on 322 regulatory policy areas during the "Policy Seminars Hosted by Members of the National Assembly" in the first half of the 21st National Assembly (2020.05.30.~2021.12.31.). Employing network analysis, the research investigated the characteristics and political interactions of 2,230 official and unofficial policy actors involved. The analysis reveals that, due to the significant political conflicts inherent in the regulatory policy domain, expert groups—consisting of legal professionals, professors and research institutions—play crucial roles as coordinators and advocates, helping to mitigate conflicts among actors. Additionally, robust networking activities are observed among public institutions with judicial and regulatory functions, such as the Ministry of Employment and Labor, the National Police Agency, the Fair-Trade Commission, and the Ministry of Justice. In the private sector, significant roles are played by labor interest groups such as the Federation of Korean Trade Unions, the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions, and the Public Transport Workers' Union, as well as welfare public interest groups, and economic and industrial interest/public groups. This study is significant for the following reasons: 1) it ensures the reliability and validity of the analysis by selecting 322 regulatory policy cases through discussions with policy and administrative experts; 2) It also selected the previously underexplored area of policy seminars as a research object; 3) Moreover, by selecting numerous policy cases and utilizing network analysis, the study objectively examines political interactions from a comprehensive perspective.
참고문헌 (63)
- 고길곤, "정책네트워크 연구의 유용성과 사회연결망 이론 활용 방법의 고찰", 행정논총, 45(1), pp.137~164 (2007)
- 권기헌, "정책분석론" (2010), 박영사
- 구현우, "정치의 원인으로서의 공공정책: 정책중심적 관점의 정책학적 함의", 행정논총, 51(3), pp.67~105 (2013)
- "표준분류체계" (2022), 국가정책연구포털[URL]
- 김순양, "정책과정분석에서의 정책네트워크(Policy Network) 모형: 이론적·실천적적실성의 검토 및 제언", 한국정책학회보, 19(4), pp.177~210 (2010)
- 남궁근, "정책학: 이론과 경험적 연구" (2012), 법문사
- 남궁근, "민주화 이후 국정운영" (2022), 법문사
- 민진, "한국정책체계론: 기구와 기능" (2015), 대영문화사
- 송근원, "재분배정책 과정에의 참여자 분석", 한국사회복지학, (36), pp.175~197 (1998)
- 양승일, "수정된 Wilson의 규제정치이론을 활용한 규제정치 비교 분석: 한국과 일본의 수도권규제정책을 중심으로", 지방행정연구, 30(1), pp.251~279 (2016)
- 윤종빈, "17대 초선의원들의 사회·경제적 배경", 의정연구, 10(2), pp.59~83 (2004)
- 이지형, "정책행위자의 입법과정 참여와 영향력 연구 : 국회의원 주관 정책세미나의주제와 참여자를 중심으로", 박사, pp.2023
- 정회옥, "국회의원의 의정활동에 있어 개인적 수준 변수들의 영향력분석", 정치정보연구, 19(1), pp.243~274 (2016)
- 최준영, "의원발의의 동인에 대한 경험적 분석: 사건계수 분석기법(Event Count Analysis)을 중심으로", 21세기정치학회보, 16(2), pp.307~326 (2006)
- 한석태, "정책학개론" (2017), 대영문화사
- "행정안전부_정부기능별분류체계" (2021), 행정안전부[URL]
- Al-Molhem, N. R., "Social network analysis in telecom data", Journal of Big Data, 6(99), pp.1~17 (2019)
- Bali, A. S., "Routledge handbook of policy design" (2018), Routledge
- Binderkrantz, A. S., "Interest group strategies : Navigating between privileged access and strategies of pressure", Political Studies, 53(4), pp.694~715 (2005)
- Borgatti, S. P., "Network analysis in the social sciences", Science, 323(5916), pp.892~895 (2009)
- Burger, R. H., "The analysis of information policy", Library Trends, 35, pp.171~182 (1986)
- Champney, L., "Public goods and policy types", Public Administration Review, 48(6), pp.988~994 (1988)
- Cook, B. J, "Arenas of power and new policy theory: Toward a synthesis", ASPA 2010 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, pp.1~39 (2010)
- Coulthart, S., "Putting big data to work in government : The case of the United States border patrol", Public Administration Review, 82(2), pp.280~289 (2022)
- Hanneman, R. A., "Introduction to social network methods" (2005), University of California Press
- Hayes, M. T., "The semi-sovereign pressure groups : A critique of current theory and an alternative typology", The Journal of Politics, 40(1), pp.134~161 (1978)
- Heckathorn, D. D., "The contractual architecture of public policy : A critical reconstruction of Lowi’s typology", The Journal of Politics, 52(4), pp.1101~1123 (1990)
- Heclo, H., "The new American political system", pp.87~124 (1978), American Enterprise Institute
- Hibbing, J., "Congressional careers: Contours of life in the U.S. house of representatives" (1991), The University of North Carolina Press
- Howlett, M., "Policy-makers, policy-takers and policy tools : Dealing with behaviourial issues in policy design", Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis : Research and Practice, 22(6), pp.487~497 (2020)
- Jordana, J., "The politics of regulation: Institutions and regulatory reforms for the age of governance" (2004), Edward Elgar Publishing
- Kadry, S., "Social network analysis: An introduction with an extensive implementation to a large-scale online network using Pajek" (2014), Bentham Science Publishers
- King, L. R., "Political networks in the policy process : The case of the National Sea Grant College Program", Polity, 19(2), pp.213~231 (1986)
- Litterio, A. M., "Marketing and social networks : a criterion for detecting opinion leaders", European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 26(3), pp.347~366 (2017)
- Lowi, T. J., "American business, public policy, case-studies, and political theory", World Politics, 16(4), pp.677~715 (1964)
- Lowi, T. J., "Four systems of policy, politics, and choice", Public Administration Review, 32(4), pp.298~310 (1972)
- Miller, H. T., "Weber’s action theory and Lowi’s policy types in formulation, enactment, and implementation", Policy Studies Journal, 18(4), pp.887~905 (1990)
- Miquel, G. P. I., "Legislative effectiveness and legislative careers", Legislative Studies Quarterly, 31(3), pp.347~381 (2006)
- Neshkova, M. I., "Policy target populations and public participation in agency decision making", International Public Management Journal, 21(2), pp.297~325 (2018)
- Newman, M. A., "Gender and Lowi’s thesis : Implications for career advancement", Public Administration Review, 54(3), pp.277~284 (1994)
- Parsons, B. M., "The effects of risk, beliefs, and trust in education policy networks : The case of autism and special education", Policy Studies Journal, 48(1), pp.38~63 (2020)
- Peters, B. G., "Types of democratic systems and types of public policy : An empirical examination", Comparative Politics, 9(3), pp.327~355 (1977)
- Provan, K. G., "Modes of network governance : Structure, management, and effectiveness", Journal of public administration research and theory, 18(2), pp.229~252 (2008)
- Provan, K. G., "A preliminary theory of interorganizational network effectiveness : A comparative study of four community mental health systems", Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(1), pp.1~33 (1995)
- Raab, J., "Handbook of Public Policy Analysis: Theory, Methods, and Politics" (2007), Taylor & Francis CRC Press
- Rhodes, R. A. W., "New directions in the study of policy networks", European Journal of Political Research, 21, pp.181~205 (1992)
- Ripley, R. B., "Congress, the bureaucracy, and public policy" (1980), Dorsey Press
- Salisbury, R. H., "Political science and public policy", pp.151~175 (1968), Markham Publishing Company
- Schalk, J., "Network embeddedness and public agency performance : The strength of strong ties in dutch higher education", Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 20(3), pp.629~653 (2010)
- Schattschneider, E. E., "Politics, pressures, and the tariff" (1935), Prentice-Hall
- Schiller, W. J., "Senators as political entrepreneurs: Using bill sponsorship to shape legislative agendas", American Journal of Political Science, 39(1), pp.186~203 (1995)
- Schneider, A. L., "Social construction of target populations : Implications for politics and policy", American Political Science Review, 87(2), pp.334~347 (1993)
- Smith, K. B., "Typologies, taxonomies, and the benefits of policy classification", Policy Studies Journal, 30(3), pp.379~395 (2002)
- Smith, T. A., "Toward a comparative theory of the policy-process", Comparative Politics, 1(4), pp.498~515 (1969)
- Spitzer, R. J., "The presidency and public policy: The four arenas of presidential power" (1983), University of Alabama Press
- Spitzer, R. J., "Promoting policy theory : Revising the arenas of power", Policy Studies Journal, 15(4), pp.675~689 (1987)
- Sudhahar, S., "Automated analysis of the U.S. presidential elections using big data and network analysis", Big Data &Society, 2(1), pp.1~28 (2015)
- Tatalovich, R., "Moral controversies and the policymaking process : Lowi’s framework applied to the abortion issue", Policy Studies Review, 3(2), pp.207~222 (1984)
- Wasserman, S., "Social network analysis: Methods and applications" (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Wilson, J. Q., "American Government: Institutions and policies" (1983), D.C. Health
- Wilson, J. Q., "American government: Institutions and policies" (2015), Cengage Learning
- Wilson, W, "Congressional government: A study in American politics" (1885), Houghton Mifflin Company
- Yi, H., "Network structure and governance performance : What makes a difference?", Public Administration Review, 78(2), pp.195~205 (2017)
