한국어와 중국어의 존재문 고찰 - 구문문법이론을 바탕으로

Abstract

This paper discussed the features of Korean and Chinese existential sentence based on construction grammar. There are similarities and differences between Korean existential construction and Chinese existential construction. In Chinese, some sentences such as “天上飞着一只鸟。” are recognized as existential sentence, and this sentence represents dynamic state. But in Korean, a sentence such as “하늘에서 새 한 마리가 날고 있다.” is not recognized as existential sentence. The Korean form corresponding to the Chinese dynamic existential construction is ‘NL에서 NP가 V고 있다’. Compared to the Korean existential construction form, ‘NL에 NP가 V어/아 있다’, we can know they are different in form, which means that they are not the same construction. One of the principles that describe the connections between constructions, 'polysemy links', convincingly demonstrates that the Chinese static existential construction and dynamic existential construction are the same constructions. It also allows sentences such as “台上唱着大戏。” that have traditionally been controversial to be placed in the same category. On the other hand, Korean existential construction has not been extended to various directions like Chinese. Considering this fact, Chinese and Korean existential construction have different power of extension.