1950년대 『학원』에 나타난 현실인식과 계몽의 이중성

Abstract

1950s can be seen as a germinal stage in which adolescentsin a modern sense appeared on the basis of expansion of public education and the lowered illiteracy rate. <Hakwon> that was launched during the war obtained the biggest result in a sense that it discovered adolescents newly and made them popular readers. <Hakwon> that was successful in popularization became a very appropriate medium to be used as a tool to enlighten adolescents during the chaotic period. Therefore, the governing authority at that time wanted to use <Hakwon> having adolescent readers actively as an enlightenment tool because it didn’t have many media to propagate its ruling ideology because of the war. On the other hand, <Hakwon> had a clear aim to enlighten adolescents for building a strong nation and establishing self-empowerment because president Kim Ik-dal of <Hakwon> intended to cultivate a new generation to lead the future through publication. During this procedure, duality of enlightenment appeared. The governing authority wanted to use <Hakwon> in order to educate anti-Communism, pro-Americanism and adaptable people as methods to justify its ruling and maintain its power. On the contrary, <Hakwon> intended to designate and enlighten adolescents as the principal body to take the responsibility for a new future and an ideal nation. Accordingly, <Hakwon> focused on self-empowerment, the nation, democracy, etc. while dealing with anti-Communism, and tries to teach the image of active and positive people. In addition, there is another difference in a sense that <Hakwon> borrowed a symbol of ‘ America ’ in order to establish a standard model to teach an ideal image of a nation to adolescents, not dealing with America for pro-Americanism. This can be confirmed in a fact that West Germany and other western European countries were introduced as models of modernization in 1960s. As stated above, <Hakwon> showed recognition transformation and duality of enlightenment. The purpose of the current study is to examine adolescents’ recognition of reality and duality of enlightenment presented in <Hakwon> in 1950s with regard to political and social changes of the times. It is expected that the study can be an important factor to define characteristics of <Hakwon>, a youth magazine, that haven’t been studied sufficiently.