본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

개혁개방 후 중국 도농관계의 문화적 구성과 ‘항구적인 본원적 축적’

Cultural Construction of Rural-Urban Relations and Permanent Primitive Accumulation in Post-Reform China

박충환
대한중국학회 (Korean Association For Chinese Studies)|2022.12|중국학 (Chinese Studies)|제81호|pp. 357-388

0

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

모더니티노스탤지어现代性乡愁城乡关系도농이원구조도농관계목가적 농촌재현의 유연성항구적인 본원적 축적城乡二元结构牧歌的农村重现的灵活性永久的原始积累

초록

본고는 중국 도농관계의 문화적 구성에서 발견되는 양가성에 초점을 맞추어 개혁개방 후 40여 년이 지난 오늘날에도 여전히 지속되고 있는 도농이원구조의 정치경제적·문화적 원리를 조명하는 연구이다. 본고의 요점은 크게 네 가지로 압축된다. 첫째, 개혁개방 후 발생한 도농관계의 급진적인 재구성에도 불구하고 중국의 도농이원구조와 도농불평등은 여전히 지속되고 있다. 둘째, 도농관계의 문화적 구성을 관통하는 양가성 그리고 이를 기반으로 한 도농관계 재현의 유연성이 중국의 도농이원구조를 재생산하는 문화적·이데올로기적 기제로 작용한다. 셋째, 도농관계의 문화적 구성 그리고 이와 연동되어 재생산되고 있는 도농이원구조가 중국에서 “항구적인 본원적 축적”을 가능하게 하는 특정한 조건으로 작용하고 있다. 넷째, 이러한 중국 특색의 도농이원구조가 해체되지 않는 한 농촌부문으로부터의 대규모 가치전유를 기반으로 한 시장사회주의 중국의 본원적 축적은 당분간 지속될 것이다.

Abstract

Focusing on the ambivalent cultural construction of China’s rural-urban relations, this article attempts to illuminate the problem of rural-urban dual structure and inequality in post-Reform China. First of all, this article captures the transformations and continuities of politico-economic and cultural dimensions of rural-urban relations in post-Reform China, and based on which it demonstrates that the ambivalent cultural construction of rural-urban relations and the rural-urban dual structure significantly shape China’s market-socialist accumulation, power relations, and Chinese people’s identity politics today. The research findings in this article are summarized into four points. Firstly, despite the radical reconfiguration of the political and economic dimension of rural-urban relations since the 1978 reform, the problem of rural-urban dual structure and severe inequality still exist in China today. Secondly, the ambivalent cultural construction of rural-urban relations and the representational flexibility exerted through it work as the cultural and ideological mechanism that keeps reproducing the rural-urban dual structure in post-Reform China. Thirdly, the cultural construction of rural-urban relations and the rural-urban dual structure intimately geared with the former constitute the particular conditions that allow the permanent primitive accumulation in China today. Finally, the primitive accumulation through the appropriation of massive values from the Chinese peasant population will continue as long as the rural-urban dual structure persists in China.

참고문헌 (65)

  1. 부뤼노 라투르, "우리는 결코 근대인이었던 적이 없다" (2009), 갈무리
  2. 보양, "추악한 중국인" (2005), 창해
  3. 임춘성, "포스트사회주의 중국의 문화정체성과 문화정치" (2017), 문화과학사
  4. 허쉐펑, "탈향과 귀향 사이에서-농민공 문제와 중국 사회" (2017), 돌베개
  5. 陈桂棣, "中国农民调查" (2004), 人民文学出版社
  6. 程漱兰, "中国农村发展 : 理论和实践" (1999), 中国人民大学出版社
  7. 李培林, "社会蓝皮书 : 2019年中国社会形势分析与预测" (2019), 社会科学文献出版社
  8. Appadurai, Arjun, "Modernity at Large : Cultural Dimensions of Globalization" (1996), University of Minnesota Press
  9. Barmè, Geremie, "New Ghosts, Old Dreams" (1992), Random House
  10. Braudel, Fernand, "On History" (1982), University of Chicago Press
  11. Chance, Roman A., "China’s Urban Villagers: Changing Life in a Beijing Suburb" (2002), Thomson Custom Publishing
  12. Chen, Weixing, "The Political Economy of Rural Development in China 1978-1999" (1999), Praeger
  13. Davis, Deborah, "The Consumer Revolution in Urban China" (2000), University of California Press
  14. Day, F. Alexander, "The Peasant in Postsocialist China: History, Politics, and Capitalism" (2015), Cambridge University Press
  15. Duara, Prasenjit, "Sovereignty and Authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian Modern" (2003), Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
  16. Hinton, William, "The Great Reversal: The Privatization of China, 1978-1989" (1990), Monthly Review Press
  17. Kearney, M., "Reconceptualizing the Peasantry : Anthropology in Global Perspective" (1996), Western Press
  18. Kelliher, Daniel, "Peasant Power in China: The Era of Rural Reform, 1979-1989" (1992), Yale University Press
  19. Knight, John, "The Rural-Urban Divide: Economic Disparities and Interac tions in China, Studies on Contemporary China" (2000), Oxford University Pres s
  20. Liu, Xin, "In One’s Own Shadow: An Ethnographic Account of the Condition of Post-reform Rural China" (2000), University of California Press
  21. Lull, James, "China Turned On: Television, Reform, and Resistance" (1991), Routledge
  22. Potter, S. H, "China’s Peasants : The Anthropology of a Revolution" (1990), Cambridge University Press
  23. Putterman, Louis, "Continuity and Change in China’s Rural Development: Collective and Re form Eras in Perspective" (1993), Oxford University Press
  24. Sato, Hiroshi, "The Growth of Market Relations in Post-Reform Rural China: A Micro-A nalysis of Peasants, Migrants and Peasant Entrepreneurs" (2003), Routledge Curzon
  25. Shanin, Teodor, "Defining Peasants: Essays Concerning Rural Societies, Expolary Econom ies, and Learning from Them in the Contemporary World" (1990), Basil Black well
  26. Solinger, Dorothy J., "Contesting Citizenship in Urban China: Peasant Migrants, the Stat e, and the Logic of Market" (1999), University of California Press
  27. Unger, Jonathan, "The Transformation of Rural China, Asia and the Pacific" (2002), M. E. Sharpe
  28. Verdery, Katherine, "What Was Socialism, and What Comes Next?" (1996), Princeton University Press
  29. White, Gordon, "Riding the Tiger : The Politics of Economic Reform in Post-Mao China" (1993), Stanford University Press
  30. Whyte, Martin King, "One Country, Two Societies: Rural-Urban Inequality in Contempor ary China" (2010), Harvard University Press
  31. Williams, Raymond, "The Country and the City" (1985), Hogarth
  32. Zhang, Li, "Stranger in the City: Reconfigurations of Space, Power, and Social Networks within China’s Floating Population" (2001), Stanford University Press
  33. 박충환, "중국 도농관계의 역사적 궤적 ― 근대전환기에서 사회주의시대까지", 중국학, (63), pp.233~261 (2018), 대한중국학회[DOI]
  34. 박충환, "홍색관광과 기억의 정치학: 개혁개방 후 중국, 가까운 과거와 관계 맺기", 현대중국연구, 13(1), pp.117~158 (2011), 현대중국학회
  35. 박충환, "농지아러 관광을 통해 본 시장사회주의 중국의 도농관계와 소비의 정치학", 한국문화인류학, 43(3), pp.35~73 (2010), 한국문화인류학회
  36. 白永秀, "城乡二元结构的中国视角: 形成、拓展、路径", 学术月刊, 44(5) (2012)
  37. 林小昭, "中国城市40年巨变 : 城镇化率提升 城镇人口增长近4倍", 第一财经日报, ~ (2018)
  38. 彭斐, "北京“封村”试验风波", 记者观察 (2010)
  39. 张海鹏, "中国城乡关系演变70年: 从分割到融合", 中国农村经济, (3) (2019)
  40. Anagnost, Ann S., "The corporeal politics of quality", Public Culture, 16(2) (2004)
  41. Bo, Yang, "The ugly Chinaman", Renditions, 23 (1985)
  42. Brunye, Tad T., "Representational flexibility and spe cificity following spatial descriptions of real-world environments", Cognition, 108(2) (2008)
  43. Chan, Kam Wing, "Two systems in one country: the origin, functions, and mechanisms of the rural-urban dual system in China", Eurasian Geography an d Economics, 60(4) (2019)
  44. Davis, Deborah S., "Urban Spaces in Contemporary China: The Potential for Autonomy and Community in Post-Mao China" (1995), Cambri dge University Press
  45. Esherick, Joseph W., "Remaking the Chinese City: Modernity and National Identity, 1900-1950" (2000), University of Hawai’ Press
  46. Ferguson, James, "Culture, Power, Place: Explorations in Critical Anthropology" (1997), Duke University Press
  47. Gledhill, John, "The peasantry in history : some notes on Latin American research", Critique of Anthropology, 5(1) (1985)
  48. Hayne, Harlene, "The Development of Memory in Infancy and Childhood" (2022), Routledge
  49. Jacka, T., "Approaches to women and development in rural China", Journal of Contemporary China, 15(49) (2006)
  50. Kelliher, Daniel, "Chinese Communist Political Theory and the Rediscovery of the Peasantry", Modern China, 20 (1994)
  51. Köll, Elisabeth, "Town and Country in China: Identity and Perception, Houndmills, Basingstoke" (2002), Palgrave Publishers
  52. Murphy, Rachel, "Turning peasants into modern Chinese citizens : ‘Population quality’ discou rse, demographic transition and primary education", The China Quarterly, 177 (2004)
  53. Ong, Aiwa, "The Future of Anthropological Knowledge" (1996), Routledge
  54. Sargeson, Sally, "The Demise of China’s Peasantry as a Class", The Asia-Pacific Journal, 13 (2016)
  55. Schneider, Mindi, "What, then, is a Chinese peasant? Nongmin discourses and agroindustrialization in contemporary China", Agricultural Human Values, 32 (2015)
  56. Skinner, G. William, "Rural marketing in China : repression and revival", China Quarterly, 103 (1985)
  57. Tang, Wing-Shing, "Town-country relations in China : back to basics", Eurasian Geography and Economics, 60(4) (2019)
  58. Verdery, Katherine, "Theorizing socialism : A Prologue to the ‘transition’", American Ethnologist, 18(1) (1991)
  59. Wang, Ban, "Love at last sight : nostalgia, commodity, and temporality in Wang Anyi’s so ng of unending sorrow", Positions, 10(3) (2002)
  60. Whyte, Martin King, "City versus countryside in China’s development", Problems of Post -Communism, 43(1) (1996)
  61. Yan, Hairong, "Neoliberal governmentality and neohumanism : ogranizing suzhi", value flow through labor recruitment networks, 2003, pp.18(4), ~
  62. Yang, Guobin, "China’s Zhiqing generation : nostalgia, identity, and cultural resistance in the 1990s", Modern China, 29(3) (2003)
  63. Zhang, Li, "Popular China: Unofficial Culture in a Globalizing Society" (2002), The Rowman and Littlefield Publishers
  64. 李楊, "盲井", ~ (2003)
  65. "女子发帖自爆二奶经历 赤裸描写遭网友谴责" (2007)[URL]

관련 논문AI추천

중국 도농관계의 역사적 궤적 ― 근대전환기에서 사회주의시대까지박충환대한중국학회 · 중국학2018 · 제63호중국 도농 불평등구조와 농민공의 변화김인아태지역연구센터 · 중소연구2013 · 제36권 제4호당대 중국 도농관계의 변동과 농촌 탈정치화의 문제 — 허쉐펑(贺雪峰)의 도농이원구조에 대한 인식과 ‘실지청년(失地靑年)’ 문제를 중심으로이보고중국문화연구학회 · 중국문화연구2023 · 제61호1950년대 중국 도농이원구조의 형성과 그 현재적 함의박경철한국농촌사회학회 · 농촌사회2017 · 제27권 제2호중국 개혁개방 이후 농민공 개념의 형성과 변용윤종석중국인문사회연구소 · 중국지식네트워크2020 · 제15권 제15호시진핑 시기 권력-자본경제에 대한 문화적 접근: 이론적 토대와 함의김진형중국학연구회 · 중국학연구2022 · 제99호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (23건)

沈從文 습작기 소설 여성형상 연구안승웅pp. 1-28불안한 현대인의 초상 - 張愛玲 『傳奇』의 귀기(鬼氣김연수pp. 29-48老舍 문학과 단테의 『神曲』에 관한 일고찰김수진pp. 49-64『三國志』裴松之注語言文字學價值探究黃娟pp. 65-80현대중국어 범의동사 구조의 사동용법 연구이봉금pp. 81-109
원문 보기