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시진핑 시기 권력-자본경제에 대한 문화적 접근: 이론적 토대와 함의

Cultural Approach to Power-capital Economy during the Reign of Xi Jinping: Theoretical Foundations and Implications

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참고문헌

키워드

주제분류중국어와문학

초록

본 연구는 혼합소유제를 추구하는 서구 자유 시장경제 체제와는 다른 중국 특유의 경제 발전 메커니즘인 권력-자본경제(Power-capital economy) 시스템에 대한 문화적 접근을 시도한다. 구체적으로, 권력-자본의 축적과정에서 권력-자본의 작동이 일상적인 문화에 투영된다는 것에 주목한다. 이에 “권력-자본경제 체제의 문화적 기초는 무엇인가?”라는 질문을 바탕으로 권력-자본 접근성에 따른 영향도를 구분하기 위해 “권력-자본경제 체제를 기반으로 한 불균등의 양상과 이는 발전과정에서 어떤 의미를 갖는가?”라는 연구 문제로 확장한다. 이를 위해, 문화 경직성 개념을 권력-자본에 연계한다. 분석 결과 도시화와 문화 경직성의 관계, 경제발전과 문화 경직성의 관계는 모두 양적 관계로 식별되었고, 정부의 정책적 영향력이 지역 경제구조 차이에 따라 유효하게 작동한다는 것, 농민공의 권력-자본에 대한 접근성은 미약한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구의 문화개념 기반 접근을 통해 발전과정에서의 불균등 현상에 대한 지리적, 생산적 요소로부터 오는 상대적 왜곡 현상을 보완한다. 특히, 분석결과는 2012년 시진핑(習近平) 집권 시기 이후 재중앙집중화(re-centralization)와 그에 따른 권력-자본 작동 강화의 산물로서 불균등에 대한 중요한 함의를 내포한다. 바로, 권력-자본 작동 강화에 따라 권력자와 권력 수취인의 목적함수가 같아지고 이로 인해 발생하는 불균등이라는 부산물은 오히려 국가에 의해 악화될 수 있다는 점이다. 본 연구는 현재 중국이 전면적 소강사회(小康社會)를 넘어 사회주의 현대화 국가 건설(社会主义现代化建设)로 가기 위한 국가적 목표를 달성하기 위해서는 재중앙집권화 과정에서 권력-자본 작동 강화에 기반한 불균등 현상이 사회 분할 현상으로 연계되지 않도록 주의해야만 한다고 제안한다. 이는 중국의 미래 발전전략과 그것을 구현하는 시스템에 대한 근본적인 재고를 통해서만 가능할 것이다.

Abstract

This study takes a cultural approach to examine China-specific power-capital economic system, which is different from western type of liberal market economy led by mixed ownership. Specifically, this study highlights the operational effects of the power-capital on ordinary culture. “What are cultural foundations of power-capital economic system?”, “How does the operation of the power-capital have effects on inequality and what does it mean in the processes of development?”. To answer these questions, this study employs the notion of cultural tightness, connecting to the theoretical framework of power-capital economy. Findings are the following: the levels of urbanization and economic development are positively associated with cultural tightness, governmental policy has meaningful effects regarding to the differences of regional economic structure, and the migrant workers have lack of access to the power-capital. Also, taking a cultural approach supplements falsifiable phenomena of inequality resulting from factors of geography and production. In particular, the finding of this study has an important implication of inequality as a product of enhanced power-capital. That is, homogenization of objective functions between power holder and power recipients led by a state would worsen cultural tightness-based inequality. This study, and thus, suggests that Chinese government should prevent the inequality from connecting to the social division by currently Xi Jinping’s re-centralization. It would possible from the fundamental enhancement of China’s future development strategy and its operational system.

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