‘프레스 정동’의 탄생과 문학자의 ‘선언’ -『동아일보』 ‘백지광고’에 나타난 시민성을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper is written from studying on the status of the citizenship manifested in a series of political situations from 1974 to 1975 from the perspective of “press affects.” In the course of developing the movement for practicing free speech, which was formed by the reporters of the Dong-A Ilbo as its central figures, the literary public sphere did organize the Association of Writers Practicing Freedom and actively helped the journalist camp in the struggle. In the process, the print media so called newspaper were reborn as a political sphere, and “freedom of expression” demonstrated an affective power to pull the trigger of the opportunity. While literary men were creating a public sphere through “declaration” and “literary men’s advertisement,” readers labeled themselves as liberal / democratic citizens and joined in the discourse on a voluntary basis. The crisis of the “encouraging advertisement” in the Dong-A Ilbo acted as an occasion to name “readers as citizens,” giving rise to a virtually unprecedented affective power. It stems from this matter to note that the concept of “readers as citizens” is a factor that formed “citizenship” as members of society. The reason is because culturalism and “freedom of expression” with literature as a medium played a profound role in the process of citizenship being formed. There was no doubt at all that when “cultural availability” appeared in conjunction with “freedom of expression”, these “readers as citizens”, as principal agents exercising freedom, became a menace that could mock the state's publicity and raise the issues. Reflecting culturalism in an empirical and cognitive way, these are also the main agents who turned the l iterary field in the 1970s into tastes and fruits of the public. Writers sought to be in harmony as a part of the public.