광복 이후 초·중학교 국사교과서의 ‘단군조선사’ 분야 개정 과정 및 개정 방향 연구

Abstract

This thesis analyzed the revision process ofDahnGunJoSun history area in elementary and middle schools' Korean history textbooks after the Liberation, explored the background of the revision, and finally suggested the revision direction of DahnGunJoSun history area. After the Liberation, the foundation of DahnGunJoSun was described as a historical fact due to nationalist historians' efforts. In the 3rd education process which switched to national textbook system, it was described as a myth, and then a foundation story after. The time when DahnGunJoSun was established was described as B.C. 2333, based on 『SamGukYuSa』 record. The territory regarded had been expanded from DaeDong river area, gradually to YoRyong region, but lacked correct explanations. The history before DahnGunJoSun had never been mentioned. The successor countries of DahnGunJoSun appeared in all of elementary schools' Korean history textbooks. Bur after the 6th education process they became omitted. On the other hand, they were descried comparatively concrete with markings on the maps in middle schools' Korean history textbooks. But neither elementary nor middle schools' Korean history textbooks wrote the successional relationship with DahnGunJoSun obviously. In the background of the changes in DahnGunJoSun history area of elementary and middle schools' Korean history textbooks lie the situation of the time, the change of trends in historical studies, and the change of Korean people's recognition on their history. All these things totally functioned together. Fist after the Liberation, many nationalist historians made efforts to erect Korean history by getting rid of long historical distortions made by Chinese and colonial historical point of view. But soon Korean war and the division into south and north occurred, which frustrated those efforts. Rather, the historians with the colonial viewpoint took their seat as the main stream of platform historical studies. Thus the newly started movements to erect right Korean history began to retreat again. After 1980s, Korea accomplished high economic growth in globalization trend. On the contrary, the cognition on Korean history and culture was on the ebb. But in spite of such situations, the chance was arranged to restore the study and education of DahnGunJoSun history through the ancient history lawsuit claim, the petition for preliminary injunction of writing and distributing national textbooks, the progress of studies following archeological results home and abroad. Entering 2000s, the interest on DahnGunJoSun history reached the big time because of Chinese northeast project. People's recognition about Korean ancient history was boosted a lot. First to confront Chinese northeast project, the study made a start on the time and the territory of DahnGunJoSun. At the beginning, it began from DahnGunJoSun and expanded to the times before it slowly. Consequently, the arguments came to be gathered that the bronze-stone mixed culture of HungShan in LioXi area belonged to BaeDalGuk and the early periodbronze culture of HaGaJum lower layer culture belonged to DahnGunJoSun culture. The studies of BaeDalGuk and DahnGunJoSun showed extension, treating not only the time and the territory but also the thoughts and the cultures. That is to say, there appeared a viewpoint to regard the thought and the culture of BaeDalGuk and DahnGunJoSun as 'SunDo' culture, suggesting an alternative theory against Chinese northeast project. A research turned up defining the signals of HungShan culture, dahn(壇, altar)․myo(廟, shrine)․chong(塚, tomb) and jade tools as those of SunDo's heavenly ritual. And it clarified that SunDo's heavenly ritual culture was the model of heavenly ritual which is the biggest characteristic of Korean ancient culture. Such SunDo's heavenly ritual culture included LiaoXi, LiaoTung, and Korean peninsula and its two great centers were HungShan culture region(CheongGu) and the western region of the mountain BaekDu (CheonPyong, ShinShi) in LiaoTung. It had the meaning of erecting two great centers of Korean ancient history, and defending against Chinese northeast project, namely, the theories of LiaoHo culture and ChangBai mountain culture. Based upon such research products, this present writer proposed to insert BaeDalGuk history in front of the opening history of Korea, DahnGunJoSun.By setting the beginning of Korean history right, we can solve the historical problems of DahnGunJoSun clearly. That is to say, it will make the depictions of all these followings more natural and explicit. They are about the time and the process of establishing DahnGunJoSun, clear definition of DahnGunJoSun's territory including Han peninsula and LiaoTung-LiaoXi area, the location setting of WiManJoSun and HanSaGun near DahnGunJoSun's border, supplements about DahnGunJoSun's history and SunDo culture, andDahnGunJoSun's successor countries including BuYeo. By erecting Korean historical genealogy of BaeDalGuk→DahnGunJoSun→BuYeo→many nations, SunDo culture, the substance of Korean peculiar culture ceaselessly succeeded from BaeDalGuk will take its place at the beginning of Korean history, Then Korean identity will stand upright for the first time.