흑수백산지구 소남산문화 ‘환호를 두른 구릉성 적석단총’의 요서지구 흥륭와문화로의 전파

Abstract

In Mal’ta culture around Baikal areas of the late Paleolithic period, the stone altar⋅tombs were identified along with the energy symbols. According to the excavation results so far, the Neolithic stone altar⋅tombs, which appeared at the earliest time in the area of East Siberia and Northeast Asia after Mal’ta stone altar⋅tombs, were Xiaonanshan stone mound altar⋅tombs around B.C.7200∼B.C.6600. In Xiaonanshan site, the hilly stone mound altar⋅tombs surrounded by a moat were excavated. These were the origins of ‘the hilly Heaven Ritual facilities with a moat’, unique to the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures in Northeast Asia and gave the new perspective on the starting of Sundo Heaven Ritual(仙道祭天) Culture of Hwanguk(桓國, the origin of Korean history) in Northeast Asia. Above all, with the excavation of Xiaonanshan stone mound altarㆍtombs, the origin of the stone mound altarㆍtombs in Northeast Asian society changed from Xinglongwa(興隆窪) Culture in Liaoxi(遼西) areas around B.C.6000 to Xiaonanshan Culture in Heilongjiang River(黑龍江)-Mt.Baekdusan(白頭山) areas around B.C.7000. In addition, in terms of form, the origin of ‘the hilly Heaven Ritual facilities with a moat(Three-layered circular altarㆍtombㆍStone mound altarㆍDolmenㆍMenhirㆍWooden Sotdae(Heavenly Pillar)ㆍShrine for Heaven RitualㆍEarthen altar)’ of Maek貊 tribe(the origin of Korean people), prevalent in Liaodong(遼東) and Liaoxi areas of Manchuria to the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago around B.C.4000∼A.D.600, was viewed as Xiaonanshan stone mound altarㆍtombs. As a result, the duration of ‘the hilly Heaven Ritual facilities with a moat was corrected from B.C.4000∼A.D.600 to B.C.7200∼A.D.600. Xiaonanshan stone mound altarㆍtombs with a moat showed that the ideological and cultural foundation of the Neolithic civilization, which began in Dongbei Plains(東北平原) rich in water resources around B.C.7000 with the best temperature in Holocene, was Sundo Heaven Ritual Culture. Xiaonanshan stone mound altarㆍtombs with a moat had been spread to Baiyinzhanghan(白音長汗) type of Xinglongwa culture in Liaoxi areas witha time difference of about a thousand years and appeared in the form of‘the hilly Heaven Ritual facilities with a stone walls’. Then it was deeply rooted in Baiyinzhanghan society over a thousand years again. Since Xiaonanshan stone mound altarㆍtombs with a moat had been spread only Baiyinzhanghan society around Xilamulunhe(西拉木倫河) River among Liaoxi areas. Thus Baiyinzhanghan society among Liaoxi areas was regarded as the most typical areas where Sundo Heaven Ritual Culture of Xiaonanshan Culture was passed down.