봉오동ㆍ청산리 독립전쟁의 군사사학적 고찰

Abstract

Until now, there have been tendencies in which independence movements have been understood as a history of struggles against the passive submission to the Japanese Empire. However, armed independence movements developed because of the ‘diplomatic independence movement’, which was a strategy to fight wars against Japan. For this, independence movement bases and independence groups were formed in the 1910s and armies for national independence were cultivated. The provisional government of Shanghai declared 1920 to be ‘the first year of war for independence’ and made it clear that actions against the Japanese army were war for independence. The procurement of armed power was most important in the development of such war of independence. In particular, the large number of weapons purchased from the Czech Legion played a decisive role in the victories of the 1920 war of independence in Bongo-dong and Cheongsan-ri. War of independence that developed continuously in resistance against the Japanese Empire were located at the center of all independence movements. Such war of independence led to the Righteous Army Movement, the war of independence of the army for national independence that developed in the Maritime Province and Manchuria, war of independence fought by the National Liberation Association in Manchuria during the late 1930s, and war of independence of the Korean Liberation Army and the Korean Volunteer Army in the 1940s. In particular, focus should be placed on the fact that armies for national independence with armed power in Manchuria developed the Anti-Japanese Armed Forces Struggle as a part of the war for independence around the 1920s. In other words, the Anti-Japanese Armed Forces Struggle in Manchuria was a war fought at the risk of lives and the history of the national independence army in Manchuria is the history of armed struggles and the history of war for independence. Therefore, in this article, war of independence that took place in the Bongo-dong and Cheongsan-ri battle areas was reexamined from military historical perspectives.