1920년 봉오동전투와 청산리독립전쟁의 주요 쟁점 검토

Abstract

The Battle of Fengwudong(鳳梧洞) in June 1920 and the Independence Movement Warfare of Qingshanli(靑山里) in October 1920 are some of the proudest battles for independence in Korean history. The Battle of Qingshanli, in particular, was the biggest and fiercest warfare of the independence movement against the official Japanese military. As a result of reviewing the Diary of Hong Beom-do, the records of the independence army leaders, and various materials from the Japanese military, it was determined that the Korean Independence Army had great victories by having 120 casualties of Japanese soldiers at the Battle of Fengwudong and about 600 at the Independence Warfare of Qingshanli. The Diary of Hong Beom-do, as reviewed in this study, is based on the verbal testimony of Hong Beom-do, his written records, and student notes. It is necessary to fully utilize Lee In-seop's manuscript of the Diary of Hong Beom-do, along with Lee Ham-deok's manuscript, as an important archive in order to study the Battle of Fengwudong, the Qingshanli Independence Movement Warfare, and any research related to Hong Beom-do. In addition, it is urgent to initiate research related to the Battle of Fengwudong and the Warfare of Qingshanli Independence Movement by comparing and reviewing various telegraphs, archives, and reports by the Consulate, such as the Diary of Hong Beom-do, the Detailed Report of the Battle of Fengwudong(an official report by the Japanese military), and the History of Military Expedition of Jiandao(Gando). As a result of the personal review by the author of this paper, it turns out that it is necessary to review the Diary of Hong Beom-do and the official archive of the Japanese military in a critical context. It is often wrongly assumed among the public that the Battle of Qingshanli happened only once, and that the independence army overwhelmingly won the battle. But that involves only paying attention to the military perspective. To overcome this issue, one needs to firmly establish the term ‘Qingshanli Independence Movement Warfare’ by taking into account the historical context and the impact it had in Korea and overseas. Also, one needs to put more value upon the conflict against the Japanese military and its extent and future impact rather than the simple achievements from the Qingshanli Independence Movement Warfare. Around the time of the Qingshanli Independence Movement Warfare, the Japanese military and police enagaged in a campaign of slaughter, violence, and suppression while invading Jiandao(Gando) and China’s South Manchuria. Historians call it the Gando Massacre, or Gyeongshin(庚申) Massacre. However, there hasn’t been a systematic investigation into such an important historical event including the Independence Movement Warfare of Qingshanli. In the future, there should be an objective review with research using various materials and possible requests for further investigation, as well as an apology, compensation, and indemnification from Japan.