방정환의 학생지에 나타난 브나로드 운동 고찰

Abstract

Haksaengji, a magazine for students, was first published by Bang Jung-Hwan on March 1929 with the purpose of the enlightenment campaign for students. The publication of Haksaengji ceased with the number 18 issue on November 1930. Its publication was forcefully closed because the students who participated in a large-scale rural enlightenment campaign following the summer vacation (the July issue of Haksaengji) were imprisoned at the police station. Also, it was due to the precautionary measures taken by the Japanese Government- General of Korea on fears about the possibility that such active campaign like the v narod movement might spread into an anti-Japanese movement such as Gwangju Student Independence Movement. The v narod movement which took place for about 15 years from 1920 to 1930 can be divided into three phases depending on the development pattern. The first phase (1920∼1925) is a period in which its basic concepts and directions such as eradication of illiteracy were presented by urging the awakening to the harsh reality faced by the people. The second phase (1926∼ 1930) includes activities of the Cheondogyo Youth Association or Party, voluntary activities for rural communities during summer vacation from the students who work for the Haksaengji, activities of the Christian association and of the media. The third phase (1931∼1935) is a period when the Dong-a Ilbo, the Chosun Ilbo and the Korean Language Society took the lead in the rural enlightenment campaign. Each of the first and the second July issues was published in 1929 and in 1930 for the vacation preparation and the special vacation edition so as to help students with their summer vacation v narod movement and homecoming activities during the two years when the 18 volumes of Haksaengji were published. The main contents of the vacation preparation issue published in July 1929 includes various activities for rural enlightenment movement such as discussion forums, night school organizations, farm experiences, haircut campaigns, doing away with superstition, bans on luxury and waste, etc. as well as the Hangeul dissemination movement. The Hangeul dissemination movement which was designed to eradicate illiteracy, in particular, accounted for up to 43 %. The main contents of the special vacation edition (1930) contained within at an equal rate of about 30%, which covered 30% regarding the organizational methods such as the structure of the rural women’s association, about 30% of various courses including lectures on rural issues and relatively, and the proportion about the Hangeul dissemination movement lowered. Compared to the vacation issue published in 1929, the contents on the students’ v narud movement in the 1930 summer vacation special edition focused on vigorous organizational activities and on active parts in the running on lecturers. The v narod movement appearing the Haksaengji was expanded into a new type such as the Dong-Ilbo v narod movement after 1931. The movement, for example, rural enlightenment campaigns including the Hangeul dissemination movement are considered to be one of the movements for national strenuous efforts on the nationwide scale during the Japanese occupation period on the Korean peninsula.