명 ․ 청 시대의 간화선

Abstract

Ganhwa Zen (Keyword Meditation) had become a significant tendency in Zen Buddhism tradition since the Song Zen master Dahui Zonggao (1089~1163); especially, it represented the most important approach of Zen Buddhism in late Ming. This article attempts to explore the masters of Linji School, Caodong School, and the so-called “Three Eminent Masters in Wanli period”, to analyze their reception and interpretations to Ganhwa Zen. By poring over their works, this article elucidates that although Zibo Zhenke (1543~1604) promoted Wordy Zen and appreciated the worthy of sutra-based practice in late Ming, Ganhwa Zen was nearly the most prevailing meditation way cross over different schools; meanwhile, Mozhao Zen (the silent illumination meditation) was almost disregarded by Zen masters at that time. Ganhwa Zen, originating from the Song Zen master Dahui Zonggaoa, is considered to keep the dominant position among modern Zen masters. By investigating the Zen practices as well as the discourses on meditation in Chinese and Japan, this article traces the development of Ganhwa Zen, thereby illuminating its prominent role in Zen Buddhism history.