간화선 수행의 원리와 특징

Abstract

Ganhwa Seon is a Seon practice method completed by Dahui-Zonggao, starting from Foyan, the fifth patriarch, and Yuanwukeqin in Southern Song period. After choosing ‘Hwadu’, this practice method forms ‘Uidan’ through continuous ‘doubt’, eventually breaking down obscurity and reaching enlightenment. After Seon Master Dahui-Zonggao, Ganhwa Seon became a representative practice method of Imje Order with the activities of Seon Master Mengshan- Deyi and Gaofengyuanmiao in Yuan Dynasty. Ganhwa Seon was introduced by Bojo-Jinul during the military reign of Goryeo Dynasty, and was settled by Jingak-Hyesim. Since then, it has become a representative Seon practice method of Korean Buddhism through the three most prominent monks of the late Goryeo Dynasty (Taego-Bow, Naong-Hyegeun, and Baekun-Gyeonghan), Cheonghe-Hujeong in the middle of the Joseon Dynasty, and Gyeongheo-Seongwu in the modern age. The representative writings that suggest the principles of Ganhwa Seon practice include Dahui’s 『Seojang』, Mengshan’s 『Mongsanbeopeo』, Gaofeng’s 『Seonyo』, Parksan’s 『Chamseongyeongeo』, Jinul’s 『Ganhwagyeoleuiron』, and Hyesim’s 『Gujamubulseonghwaganbyeongron』. The principle of Ganhwa Seon practice is that after the trainee chooses one ‘Hwadu’ from ‘Kongan’ of the patriarches, doubts about ‘Hwadu’ are intensified to form the doubt feeling, and the doubt feeling is expanded to form the doubt mass. And if you push this doubt mass further and reach the level of the consistency throughout movement and non-movement, the consistency throughout a dream, and the consistency throughout sleeping and staying awake, you will be enlightened through some opportunity. After enlightenment, it is emphasized that it is necessary to visit the clear-eyed Seon master and obtain his approval. The characteristic of Ganhwa Seon practice is its simplicity. In other words, it prevents any sense of discrimination by language and reasoning with an uninteresting ‘Hwadu’, and continues to push ahead with the doubt mass that has become a lump of doubt, eventually breaking down sense and becoming one with the original mind. What is emphasized in Ganhwa Seon practice is the mind of the faith, the mind of efforts, and the mind of doubt, and at this time, the ‘Hwadu’ that mediates the practice should be a living phrase, not a dead phrase, and enlightenment is guaranteed only when it is explored the truth with meditation.