캐나다 사이버 안보와 중견국 외교: 화웨이 사례에서 나타난 안보와 경제․통상의 딜레마 속에서
Middle Power Diplomacy of Canada in Cybersecurity at the Crossroads of Security and Economy
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본 연구는 두 문제의식을 가지고 진행되었다. 첫째, 사이버 안보 이슈 영역에서 중견국 외교 연구는 어느 정도 축적되었는가. 둘째, 중견국의 사이버 안보관련 대내 추진 체계와 대외 행태는 실제로 어떤 양상을 띠는가. 기존 중견국외교 연구에서는 사이버 안보 이슈 영역에서의 실제 외교 행태의 사례를 거의다루고 있지 않다. 기존 사이버 안보 문헌들도 국제 시스템 혹은 국제기구나강대국에 대해 다루고 있지만, 중견국의 대내외적 제도와 행태에 대해서 다루고있는 연구는 아직 드물다. 이에 본 연구는 중견국 외교의 성패에 영향을 미치는조건들의 결합을 유형화하여 분석 틀을 제공하고, 캐나다 사례를 분석한다. 특히 화웨이 사태를 중심으로 캐나다의 중견국 외교 행태를 분석한다. 사례분석절에서는 캐나다의 사이버 안보의 대내적 추진 체계와 대외적 협력 행태를 파악하며, 캐나다가 강대국 특히 미국의 영향력 하에 있음을 밝힌다. 미국의 압박에도 불구하고 캐나다는 자국과 동조하는 국가들과의 연합을 통해 균형 잡힌 외교를 구사하며 자국의 입장을 견지하는 모습을 보인다.
Abstract
How does middle power diplomacy unhold in the cybersecurity issue-area? The extant literature on middle power diplomacy rarely deals with middle power diplomacy in cybersecurity because the issue-area is relatively new. The existing cybersecurity studies, on the other hand, tend to dismiss middle powers for their object of study whereas global governance and great powers on cybersecurity have been the frequent subjects. This study proposes typological theories of successful middle power diplomacy and explains the case of Canadian middle power diplomacy in cybersecurity. The case study section lays out domestic and international strategies for Canada’s cybersecurity, while pointing out conditions under which Canada often finds itself under U.S. pressure. Despite the pressure, the Huawei case demonstrates that Canada has maintained national interests by way of both carefully taking balances between the U.S. and China and coalescing into a group of states that support the common cause of democracy in cybersecurity.
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