2008년 금융위기 vs. 코로나위기의 군집행위 비교연구: 한국과 중국 주식시장의 사례
Herding Behaviors between Covid19 and 2008 Financial Crises in Stock Markets of Korea and China
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이 연구는 2005.1-2021.6 한국과 중국의 일별주가자료와 CSAD(Cross- Sectional Absolute Deviation)모형을 확장해서 2008년 금융위기와 최근 코로 나19위기에서 군집행위가 서로 다르게 나타나는지를 실증적으로 비교해보았다. 본 연구의 차별성은 투자자의 군집행위를 나타내는 CSAD모형에서 수익률뿐 아 니라, 주식거래량과 그 변동성의 역할을 동시에 고려하였다. 이는 경제위기에 투자자의 군집행위가 다른 투자자의 의사결정을 모방해서 특정 주식을 같은 방 향으로 매매하면서 수익률보다는 주식 거래량이 먼저 반응하기 때문이다. 본 연구결과는 한국 주식시장에서 시장수익률과 군집행위의 관계는 유의적이지 않 았지만, 거래량 변수를 포함하는 경우 두 변수 간 관계는 유의적으로 전환되었 다. 특히, 한국 투자자의 군집행위는 수익률보다 거래량과 그 변동성에 의해 영 향을 크게 받으며, 이 결과는 2008년 금융위기보다 최근 코로나위기에서 더욱 명확하게 나타났다. 이는 디지털 혁신으로 코로나위기에서 온라인 주식거래시 스템의 접근성과 비대면 거래량이 급증하면서 수익률보다 거래량을 통해 군집행 위가 나타난 것으로 보인다. 중국의 경우 한국 투자자의 군집행위와 차이점은 거래량보다는 수익률에 의해 더 유의적인 영향을 받고 있다는 점이다. 이 연구의 군집행위모형은 주식시장 뿐 아니라 외환, 채권 및 주택시장의 군집행위를 설명 하는 모형으로 확장할 수 있다.
Abstract
Using an extended model of Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation (CSAD) and daily data on stocks markets in Korea and China during January 2005-June 2021, this study examines whether investors’ herding behaviors have different characteristics between the 2008 financial crisis and recent COVID19 crisis. Literature posits that investors tend to show herding behavior during the economic crisis. However, CSAD, a proxy for herding behavior, moves differently from the expected one in theory. This study focuses on the roles of trading volume and its volatility in affecting investors’ herding behavior. The economic rationale is that the investors would respond instantly to crisis shocks with a channel of buying or selling before the stock returns are adjusted. Evidence strongly support for our hypothesis, and the effects of trade volume and its variance get stronger in the recent COVID19 crisis due to digital innovation and easy access to the online portal trading system than before.
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