‘유배’를 제재로 한 현대시의 양상 연구

Abstract

Both the Western and Eastern civilization have long history of banishment. In the West, the history of banishment trace back to the remote antiquity when the King of Babylon banished the Jews. According to a research, the history of banishment in Korea started from the Three Kingdoms Period. The history of Korean poem of exile which contains the emotions of exiles started along with that period. Nonetheless, widely known poems of exile are the ones mostly written during the Joseon Dynasty. Various people including prominent figures like Jung, Yak-yong, Kim, Jung-hui, and Kim Man-joong complained the unjust situation through the poems of exile. Through their poems, exiles also showed their wishes to rescind their banishment and expressed their sentiment from the place of exile. As the poems of exile are the pieces written by exiles themselves, poems of exile material are the ones written by the third person about the exiles, their spirits and their cultural heritage. Some of modern poets wrote poems from the historical figures’ view that the topics were mostly about unjustly banished exiles, their characters, and their pieces. Furthermore, some other poets reflected their own lives which were no less than banishment to the exile of historical figures. The latter case was more common as Korea underwent Japanese Colonialism, the confrontation of ideologies and military dictatorship. Jung, Il-keun’s Jung, Yak-yong’s Letter from the Place of Exile and Ko, Doo-hyun’s serial poems Anthology of Exile Poetry are the representative works which set an exile figure as a narrator. The special features of this type of poems are the fact that poets themselves speak for the exiles and at the same time they try to deliver the message to the readers. In the poems from which the poets represent the exiles, the main theme is their will to emulate the characteristics and cultural heritage of the historical figures. On the other hand, some poets set themselves as an exile for introspection like in the Collection of Exile Poetry 5. I of Lee, Sung-boo. Among the poems of exile material, another significant category is a poem of Diaspora. The phenomenon of Diaspora dispersed all over the world due to frequent national ordeals. Especially the deportation of Korean Diaspora in Yunhaju of Russia to the Central Asia and the deportation of Joseon migrating farmers to Japan can be considered as banishment because it did not reflect their will. The significance of the poems of exile material is to do the introspection and establish the national identity by reminding the historical agony to the late generations who did not experience the historical ordeal.