미발과 그 공부에 관한 정조와 정약용의 문답 연구- 호락논쟁과 관련하여 -

Abstract

King Jeongjo regarded Zhu Xi’s mentions, the Not-Yet Aroused State in Mind of sage and ordinary person is the same or not, as contradiction. This was a controversial issue in Horak debate. That of sage always is equilibrium, whereas ordinary person equilibrium or non-equilibrium, according to Horak scholars. To King Jeongjo’s inquiry, Jeong Yakyong responded only sage has the Not-Yet Aroused State in Mind, whereas the ordinary person not so. Zhu Xi’s the Not-Yet Aroused State in Mind has been described Fuqua (復卦) or Kunqua (坤卦). King Jeongjo also regarded the descriptions of Zhu Xi as contradiction. This also was one of main issues in Horak Debate. At the time, Yi Hyeonik, a Rak scholar, claimed the State is Kunqua, not Fuqua, and the former is a decided theory in Zhu Xi’s latter years. By contrast, Gwon Sangha and Han Wonjin, a Ho scholar, criticized Yi’s claim, arguing it is not Kunqua but Fuqua. To King Jeongjo’s inquiry, Jeong Yakyong responded it is Kunqua, not Fuqua. This is similar to Yi’s claim. However, he argued the State cannot be described the Kunqua or Fuquau, because the terms are the different Confucian classics. This is different from Yi, and implies criticism of Zhu Xi and King Jeongjo. Also, Zhu Xi said the need self-cultivation in the State or not. For that matter, King Jeongjo inquired which to be a decided theory in Zhu Xi’s latter years. He regarded those of Zhu Xi as contradiction. This also was a main issue in the Horak Debate. At the time, Yi Hyeonik’s claim was not to need self-cultivation in the State because the State is the highest stage. By contrast, Park Pilju’s claim was to need self-cultivation in the State. About their debate, Kim Changhueup supported Park’s claim, criticizing Yi’s. Also, Han Wonjin supported Kim’s claim, criticizing Yi’s. In response to the inquiry of King Jeongjo, Jeong Yakyong’s claim is the need of self-cultivation in the State, and this is “watchful over oneself when one is alone”(愼獨 shendu). The need of self-cultivation in the State is similar to Park and Kim’s claim but self-cultivation as the Shendu is different from. This implies crticism of King Jeongjo’s mention and followed Zhu Xi. In the debate of King Jeongjo and Jeong Yakyong, the former sought an accurte study through criticism of Horak debate and Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism, whereas the latter created a new horizon beyond them.