아동의 출처 감찰(source monitoring)수행에 미치는 면담자 지지와 인지훈련의 연령별 효과
The Effect of Interviewer-Provided Support on Children's Source Monitoring
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초록
본 연구에서는 아동 증언의 신뢰성에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 인지 능력 중의 하나로 아동의 출처 감찰(Source Monitoring) 수행에 대해서 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 면담 상황에서 면담자의 태도가 아동의 출처 감찰 수행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 면담자의 사회적 지지는 아동의 출처 감찰 수행에 긍정적인 영향을 주었고, 특히 어린 아동들은 나이든 아동들보다 면담자의 지지에 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 나아가 면담자의 지지가 제공되는 상황에서 사전 인지 훈련 제공이 아동의 출처 감찰의 정확성에 미치는 연령별 효과도 알아보았다. 어린 아동들은 사전의 인지 훈련의 효과를 기대할 수 없다는 선행 연구들의 결과와 달리 본 연구에서는 어린 아동들에게도 면담자의 지지를 풍부하게 제공하였을 때는 인지 훈련의 효과도 나타난다는 것을 밝혔다. 이는 과거 사건에 대한 회상을 요구 받는 대상이 어린 아동들일수록 면담자의 태도에 따른 아동의 기억 회상의 정확도가 달라 질 수 있다는 것을 시사한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 면담자의 지지가 어린 아동들의 출처 감찰 수행에 얼마나 많은 영향을 주는지에 대한 직접적 증거를 제시했고 이와 같은 결과는 아동 면담 시 어린 아동을 면담하는 면담자의 태도에 대한 유용한 정보를 제공해 주었다
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of emotional and cognitive support on the accuracy of child source monitoring. It designed two experiments to examine the effects of interviewer-provided support (IPS) on child Source Monitoring. Specifically, IPS was examined to determine if it could efficiently increase the accuracy of source monitoring, and if so, whether it is more efficient when used with younger children (Experiment 1). Furthermore, this study examined whether the presence of IPS affects the efficiency of cognitive training (Experiment 2). The results of Experiment 1 revealed that children in two age groups (N=30, ages 3-5 years N=31, ages 7-8 years) had more accurate recall when they were in an IPS group than in a control group. More importantly, children in younger age groups were more influenced by IPS than older children. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that children in two age groups (N=66, ages 3-5 years N=62, ages 7-8 years) benefited from cognitive training, but younger children only benefited when IPS was provided with the cognitive training. These results imply that IPS can improve the accuracy of children's Source Monitoring memory recall; However, source monitoring training only enhances young children's source monitoring accuracy when IPS is provided.
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