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배경음악, 사례 이질성, 지각적 단서가 영아의 지지관계 범주화에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Background Music, Exemplar Heterogeneity, and Perceptual Cues on Infants’ Categorization of Support Relations

최지혜|박유정
인지발달중재학회 (The Society for Cognitive Enhancement and Intervention)|2023.09|인지발달중재학회지 (Journal of cognitive Enhancement and Intervention)|제14권 제3호|pp. 17-38|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.21197/JCEI.14.3.2

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키워드

영아categorization범주화infants공간관계사례 간 이질성지지관계spatial relationsexemplar heterogeneitysupport relations
주제분류심리과학

초록

연구목적: 8개월 영아의 지지관계 범주화에 배경음악, 사례 이질성, 공간관계 변화의 지각적 단서가 영향을 미치는지 알아보고, 사례 이질성의 영향에 발달적 차이가 있는지를 조사하였다. 연구방법: 8개월 영아 60명과 13개월 영아 27명을 지지관계 사례들에 습관화하였다. 습관화 동안 8개월 영아는 사례를 배경음악 없이 보거나, 배경음악과 함께 보거나, 물체 모양이 상호 이질적인 상태에서 보거나, 공간관계 변화의 지각적 단서가 추가된 상태로 보았다. 13개월 영아는 배경음악과 지각적 단서 없이, 물체 모양이 모두 같거나 이질적인 사례에 습관화되었다. 습관화 후, 습관화 공간관계와 새로운 공간관계를 보여주고 응시시간을 측정해 범주화 성공 여부를 검사하였다. 연구결과: 8개월 영아는 사례간 이질성이 높은 경우에만 지지관계 범주화에 성공한 반면, 13개월 영아는 사례 이질성에 관계없이 지지관계를 범주화하였다. 즉, 사례 이질성의 범주화 촉진 효과가 나타나되 8개월 영아에게서만 나타났다. 결론: 이러한 결과는 다양한 모양의 물체로 공간관계 사례를 제시함으로써 영아의 공간관계 학습을 지원할 수 있으며, 발달에 따라 사례 이질성의 효과가 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다.

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the effects of background music, exemplar heterogeneity, and perceptual cues on 8-month-old infants’ categorization of support relations and investigated the effect of exemplar heterogeneity on 13-month-old infants’ support categorization. Methods: Sixty 8-month-old infants and twenty-seven 13-month-old infants were habituated to exemplars of support relations. During habituation, the 8-month-olds in baseline condition viewed exemplars with consistent object shape. In experimental conditions, background music, heterogeneity of object shape, or perceptual cues were added to the exemplars. The thirteen-month-olds viewed the exemplars with either constant or varying object shapes but without music and extra cues. Following habituation, infants’ looking times for familiar versus novel relation exemplars were measured to evaluate their formation of a support category. Results: The eight-month-olds categorized support relations only when viewing the exemplars of varying object shape, while the 13-month-olds did so regardless of shape heterogeneity. Thus, the advantage of exemplar heterogeneity was observed only among the 8-month-olds. Conclusions: Exemplars with moderately varying objects may promote infants’ spatial categorization, and this effect may change as infants develop.

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