만 10개월 영아들의 언어적 단서를 활용한 타인의 목표 행동 이해
Ten-month-olds’ ability to use verbal information when understanding others’ goal-directed actions
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초록
본 연구는 만 10개월 영아들이 상대방의 목표 행동 이해에 언어적 단서를 활용할 수 있는 지를 기대위반 패러다임을 통해 알아보았다. 만 10개월 영아들은 친숙화 시행에서 행위자가 무의미 단어가 포함된 문장(“모디가 있네!”)을 두 번 발화한 후 무대 위 두 물체 중 하나의 물체를 잡는 동작을 네 시행(짧은 친숙화 조건)또는 여섯 시행(긴 친숙화 조건)동안 관찰하였다. 검사 전 진열 시행에서는 두 물체의 위치를 바꾼 정지 장면이 제시되었다. 검사 시행에서 영아들은 행위자가 새로운 무의미 단어가 있는 문장(“파푸가 있네!”)을 두 번 발화한 뒤 친숙화 시행 때 잡았던 물체(기존 목표 사건) 또는 한 번도 잡지 않았던 물체(새 목표 사건)를 잡는 동작을 관찰하였다. 검사 시행의 응시시간 분석 결과 짧은 친숙화 조건의 만 10개월 영아들은 기존 목표 사건을 새 목표 사건보다 더 오랫동안 응시한 반면, 긴 친숙화 조건의 영아들은 기존 목표 사건과 새 목표 사건을 비슷하게 바라보았다. 본 연구 결과는 목표 행동 이해에 있어서 언어정보를 활용하는 능력이 만 10개월 전후에 발달함을 보여주면서, 언어발달과 사회 인지 발달과의 관련성에 대해서 함의점을 제공한다.
Abstract
In the current research we used the violation-of-expectation paradigm to examine whether 10-month-olds use linguistic cues when understanding others’ goals. During four (short-familiarization condition) or six (long-familiarization condition) familiarization trials, 10-month-olds heard a female agent saying “Here’s a modi!” twice and saw her grasping one of two objects. The locations of the two objects were switched during the pre-display trial. During test trials, infants heard a different linguistic cue (“Here’s a papu!”), and saw the actor reach for either the same object as before (the old-goal event) or the other object (the new-goal event). Ten-month-olds looked longer at the new-goal event than at the old-goal event in the short-familiarization condition, whereas they looked about equally at the two events in the long-familiarization condition. These results demonstrate 10-month-olds’ understanding that an agent’s novel verbal information may signal a change in her upcoming actions.
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