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판문점 도끼살해사건 해결과정을 통해 본 대북 강압외교 연구

Study of coercive diplomacy toward North Korea during the axe-murder incident in the JSA

이기성
육군군사연구소 (ROK Army Military History Institute)|2015.12|군사연구 (Journal of Military History Studies)|제140호|pp. 295-324|DOI 10.17934/jmhs..140.201512.295

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참고문헌

키워드

강압외교Military Armistice CommissionJoint Security Area현실주의와 문화주의판문점(공동경비구역)무력시위군사정전위원회(Military Armistice Commission)Coercive diplomacyRealists and CulturalistsShow of force
주제분류역사학

초록

6.25전쟁 휴전 이래 오늘날까지 북한은 끊임없는 무력도발을 통해 한반도에서의 긴장과 대치상황을 그들의 목적달성을 위한 유리한 여건조성에 활용하여 왔으며,한반도 전쟁억지를 위한 미국과 한국의 공동노력은 위기관리 측면에서 다양한 외교적,군사적 대응조치들을 통해 북한을 상대해 왔다.그동안 북한과의수많은 외교적 협상을 진행해 오면서 북한의 행태에 대한 많은 분석이 진행되어왔으며 이는 북한과의 각종 대화나 협력 사안에 대한 협상 시 유용한 이론적 틀을 제공해 주었다. 하지만 북한과의 협상진행에 있어 우리는 여전히 많은 어려움을 경험하고 있는 것이 사실이며 이는 북한의 행태에 대한 이해와 분석의 부족이라기보다는 북한을 상대함에 있어 대응전략의 충분한 검토와 강력한 실행의지에 관한 문제들때문이었다. 본고에서는 1976년 8월 18일 판문점(또는 공동경비구역)에서 북한군이 도발한도끼 살해사건을 중심으로 북한을 상대하는데 있어 강압외교(coercivediplomacy) 수단을 활용한 미국의 대북한 협상진행 방식을 분석하고 대북 압박의 유효성과성공요인을 밝힘으로서 북한을 상대로 한 각종 회담 및 협상진행에 있어 또 다른 분석과 적용의 틀을 제공하고자 한다. 외교적 수단만이 아닌 군사적 수단과 제재조치를 포함하는 대북한 압박형식의협상진행은 새로운 접근방식이라기보다는 북한이 한반도 긴장 조성시마다 지속적으로 채택되어온 방식으로 북한을 상대함에 있어 요구조건의 수용을 강요하기위해서는 무엇보다 명확한 의사전달과 대응조치들의 강력한 실행의지 여부가 성공의 관건이 되어왔다. 주제어:강압외교,현실주의와 문화주의,판문점(공동경비구역),무력시위,군사정전위원회(MilitaryArmisticeCommission)

Abstract

Since the armistice of the Korean War, tensions have continued on the Korean peninsula. North Korea has consistently pursued its goal of unifying Korea under its own terms, often adopting militaristic approaches, while both Republicof Korea and the United States have maintained a strong security alliance to deter any possible North Korean attack. Especially United States has often adopted coercive diplomacy including strong military measures in coping with North Korea's provocations. There has been various studies and analyses on North Korean behaviors and some of them have given useful advice in making policy establishment toward North Korea. However, we have still experienced difficulties in handling North Korea in numerous cases of military provocations and negotiations involving North Korea. These are not because we misunderstood North Korea but there will be the shortage of developing proper counter-measures and the lack of strong will to take actions against North Korea. This article is to review the elements of effectiveness and success of coercive diplomacy employed by the US when the axe-murder incident happened in the JSA in August 18, 1976 and will also provide another theoretical analysis in the field of negotiation with North Korea. It is clear that strong will of taking actions including military threat measures against any North Korean provocation can make North Korea reconsider its strategic preference and turn its position to compromise. Key words : Coercive diplomacy, Realists and Culturalists, Joint Security Area, Show of force, Military Armistice Commission

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