집단책임문화가 군조직의 효율성에 미치는 영향
Collective Responsibility and Its Effects on Military Organization
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부정적 사건에 대한 책임을 묻는 데 영향을 미치는 요인에는 여럿이 있다.또한,책임의 추궁 방식이 그 당사자나 조직에게 미치는 효과도 다를 수 있다.이러한 현상의 이해는 군조직의 효능성을 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 책임을 사건에 직접 관여한 개인의 책임과 그가 속한 집단의책임으로 구분하고,설문조사를 통해 범죄와 사고라는 두 종류의 사건이 인과적책임과 사후적 책임 판단에 미치는 영향,그리고 책임 추궁이 당사자 및 다른조직구성원에게 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 연구 1은 실제 발생한 두 사건(범죄와 사고)이야기를 대학생 참가자들에게제시한 다음,사건 관련자에게 부과된 처벌의 정당성 및 그 처벌이 갖는 효과를평정하도록 했다.연구 2는 연구 1에서 사용한 것과 비슷한 두 개의 가상 시나리오를 참가자들에게 제시한 다음,그 사건의 관련자들이 져야할 책임의 정도와그러한 책임 추궁이 갖는 효과를 평가했다. 연구 1의 결과,전반적으로 지휘관의 처벌 정도가 당사자에 비해 덜 정당한것으로 지각되었다.또한 지휘관을 처벌하는 것은 그 본인에게나 나머지 부대원에게 큰 효과가 없었다.연구 2의 경우,참가자들은 사건에 대하여 인과적 책임보다는 사후적 책임을 더 많이 묻는 경향을 보였다.그리고 전반적으로 지휘관에게 책임을 묻는 것은 연구 1에서처럼 별로 효과가 없었다. 이러한 발견은 군대조직에서 발생한 사건의 책임을 지휘관에게 추궁할 때 매우 신중할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.특히,사건의 종류가 범죄일 때 지휘관이 져야 할 책임은 크지 않았고,그들의 처벌이 갖는 긍정적 효과도 크지 않았다.따라서 무분별하게 지휘책임을 묻는 것은 오히려 군대의 조직문화를 저해할 수 있다는 것을 유념하여야 할 것이다. 주제어:집단책임,인과적 책임,사후적 책임,책임의 효과,한국문화
Abstract
Several factors are involved in determining the locus and the degree of responsibility foran incident. Comprehending these factors may help enhance military organization’s efficiency. In this study, responsibility was subdivided into personal and collective responsibility and into causal and sanction responsibility. Also, it was examined how two types of negative events, crime and accident, exercise influences on determining causal and sanction responsibility. Finally, effects of holding a person responsible on the person and his/her colleagues in miliary organization were studied. Study 1 concerned one crime and one accident which occurred in military settings.These real stories were given to college students in a questionnaire and the students rated how just the penalty was for each of the involved persons. In Study 2, college students read two scenarios similar to Study 1 stories. They then estimated who and how much he/she was responsible for that incident and rated the effects of holding a person responsible on the person and his/her military organization. Study 1 found that the penalties given to commanding officers with various status were seen overall as less just than those given to the person directly involved in the affair. Also, those penalties assigned to the commanding officers were rated less efficient. Study 2 found that sanction responsibility were rated larger than causal responsible for the given incidents and replicated Study 1 in efficiencybrought by punishment. These findings suggest that cares are required in assigning penalties to commanding officers for incidents. Key words: Collective responsibility, Causal responsibility, Sanction responsibility, Effects of responsibility claiming,and Korean culture
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