일반인의 정당방위 판단: 개인/집단주의 가치관의 효과
Lay Judgment for Self-defense Claim: Effects of Individualism and Collectivism
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본 연구는 정당방위 주장에 대한 일반인의 판단이 문화적 가치관에 따라 체계적으로 달라질 것이라는 가설을 검증한 것이다. 개인주의 가치관이 강한 사람은 상황적 요인보다는 개인 내적인 요인으로 타인 행동을 이해하는 경향이 있으므로 폭력적인 행위에 대한 정당방위 주장을 인정하지 않는 경향이 상대적으로 강할 것이고, 집단주의 가치관이 강한 사람은 그 폭력적인 행위에 상당성(reasonableness)이 존재하는 경우 정당방위를 쉽게 인정할 것으로 예상되었다. 실험 결과, 상당성이 존재하는 조건에서 집단주의 가치관이 강한 참가자들이 높은 수준으로 정당방위를 인정하였다. 개인주의 가치관이 강한 참가자들은 상당성의 존재 유무와 관계없이 정당방위를 인정하는 정도가 낮았다. 피고인이 정당방위를 주장하는 재판에서 배심원의 판단에 대한 본 연구 결과의 함의가 논의되었다.
Abstract
This study was to examine how juror eligible lay people evaluate claims of self-defense generically (i.e., without being informed with its legal definitions). It was hypothesized that, in determination for self-defense claims,individuals of high Collectivism would be stricter than those of high Individualism. The results showed that individualists’ judgment of self-defense did not vary in accordance with the presence or absence of threat imminence in the scenario. On the other hand, collectivists’ judgment of self-defense varied significantly according to the presence or absence of the imminence. Greater proportions of collectivists accepted the defendant’s claim of self-defense when the imminence of threat was present in the scenario than when it was absent. Implications of the results for how to instruct the jurors in the self-defense cases were discussed.
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