북∙중 헌법과 정당체제에 대한 비교론적 연구 - 체제비교론적 관점에서의 북한체제 및 권력구조의 변화 -

Abstract

Democratic People's Republic of Korea has a pre-modern political system and ran by successive one-party national system which resembles a dynastic system. Therefore, this article, to verify North Korean regime as an one-party national system, comparatively analyze North Korean labor party and Chinese Communist party, and North Korean Constitution and Chinese one respectively. In conclusion, this article suggests directions for reform of North Korean regime and power structure in near future. North Korea and China, being political alliance for a long period of time, shares a same system where only one party rules the whole nation. However, despite they seem to have the same polity, internally, they are walking different path. In other words, North Korean regime, being autocratic nation, has established a system for dynastic succession of power based on political ideas including Kim Ilsung's self-reliance ideology and sage king ideology. China, through 1982's constitutional amendment, changed the paradigm from communist party-led national administration to nation-led constitutional state as a new nation. Therefore, unlike the past, North Korea-Sino relationship should be newly established. The basic background why these phenomenons appear follows: North Korea and China were established during late 19 century when Joseon and Qing dynasty, pre-modern nations, came to an end. And also, imperialism prevailed at that time in North East Asia intensifying internal and external chaos. First, under political slogan of establishment of socialism based on Marxism and Leninism, Joseon labor party and Chinese Communist party were organized. And later, these two parties established DPRK and PRC respectively. North Korea's Kim Il Sung and China's Mao, using Armed Forces' power, advocated one-party's dictatorship based on ideologies from Marxism-Leninism. And they tried to construct one-person autocratic system, them being most powerful. Mao Zedong, through cultural revolution, attempted to be the only one who rules the nation but failed due to peculiar political characteristics such as Multi-party cooperation system and Democratic Centralism. However, Kim Il Sung purged his enemies since the organization of the party and succeeded in being the only power. And witnessing what happened after Stalin's and Mao's death, determined he should descend his power to his offsprings. In conclusion, unless there is an invasion from the outside or external plan that would induce collapse of the system, North Korea would maintain the one-party national system coping with external situation. The reason is that, as seen from the changes of power structure in North Kroean Constitution, North Korea has a homeostatic tendency. Therefore, North Korea would find new paths, externally resetting NK-Sino relationship and internally reforming power structure to the extent they can handle. However, separating labor party from nation like China or transferring power from Kim's family to a group-leading system where Kim's relatives or meritorious retainers have power, to overcome systematical paradox within NK, would cause collapse of present system. So, the possibility would be extremely low. Nevertheless, NK needs new political system for their survival in preparation of impending threats. Kim Jung Eun, North Korea's leader, is attempting to transform North Korean national system from 'emergent national system' to 'normal national system'. As a part of this movement, he abolished national defence committee and reformed it to a state council. The factors that gave rise to these changes are economic system and culture of capitalism which are threatening North Korean regime. Therefore, policy toward North Korea should actively use first-hand and second-hand access strategy that would induce North Korea to slowly walk the same path of China while admitting their system.