요한일서 2:12-14에 나오는 세 호칭에 관한 연구
A Study on the Three Titles in 1 John 2:12-14
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요한일서 2:12-14에 나오는 세 호칭(‘자녀들’, ‘아비들’, ‘청년들’) 에 관해 세 가지 주요 견해가 있다. 먼저, 세 호칭은 세 개의 각각다른 그룹을 가리킨다고 보는 견해가 있다. 세 호칭은 육체적 혹은영적인 연령을 가리킨다고 본다. 둘째, 세 호칭 중에 ‘자녀들’은 수신자 전체를 가리키고, ‘아비들’과 ‘청년들’은 수신자 전체 안에 있는두 개의 그룹을 가리키는 것으로 보는 견해가 있다. 셋째, 세 호칭모두 각각 수신자 전체를 가리키는 것으로 보는 견해가 있다. 최근다수의 학자들은 두 번째 견해를 주장하지만, 본 연구는 다음과 같은이유로 세 번째 견해를 지지한다. 요한일서 2:12-14에 나오는 ‘자녀들’, ‘아비들’, ‘청년들’의 특징은요한일서 전체 문맥에서 어느 특정 그룹이 아니라 수신자 전체의 특징을 가리킨다. 전체 수신자들은 죄 용서 받고 하나님 아버지를 아는자들이다. 그들은 하나님의 아들, 예수 그리스도를 안다. 악한 자와싸워 이겼다. 또한, 요한의 글쓰기 특징이 하나의 그룹을 지지한다. 요한복음과 요한일서에는 서로 다른 단어가 같은 뜻을 의미하는 경우가 종종 등장한다. 표현을 다르게 하여 내용을 더욱 풍성하게 만든다. 마지막으로, 요한일서 2:12-14에 나오는 세 호칭의 특징은 새 언약적 요소를 담고 있다: 죄 용서, 신지식, 말씀의 내재화. 그런데 이세 요소는 종말에 새 언약의 백성이 누릴 복으로서 모든 자가 구분없이 함께 누릴 복이다(렘 31:33-34). 따라서 요한일서 2:12-14에 나오는 세 호칭 사이에 어떤 구분을 두는 것은 적절하지 않다. 이런 이유로 요한일서 2:12-14에 나오는 세 호칭은 하나의 그룹으로서 수신자 전체를 가리키는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 저자는 수신자들이사랑받는 자녀, 성숙한 아비, 승리한 청년이라고 칭찬하면서, 그들이믿음과 신분에 맞게 살도록 격려한다.
Abstract
There are three main views regarding the three titles (‘little children’, ‘fathers’, ‘young men’) mentioned in 1 John 2:12-14. First, some believe that the three titles refer to three different groups. They see the titles as denoting physical or spiritual ages. Second, others believe that the title ‘little children’ refers to the entire audience, while ‘fathers’ and ‘young men’ refer to two groups within the audience. Third, some believe that all three titles refer to the entire audience. Recently, most scholars have argued for the second view, but this study supports the third view for the following reasons. The characteristics of ‘little children’, ‘fathers’, and ‘young men’ in 1 John 2:12-14 are features that refer to the general audience throughout the entire context of 1 John. Additionally, John's writing style supports the idea of one group. In the Gospel of John and 1 John, different words are often used to convey the same meaning, enriching the content with different expressions. Finally, the characteristics of the three titles in 1 John 2:12-14 contain elements of the new covenant: forgiveness of sins, knowledge of God, and interiorized Word. However, these three elements are blessings that all people, without distinction, will enjoy together as part of the new covenant in the end times (Jeremiah 31:33-34). Therefore, making distinctions between the three titles in 1 John 2:12-14 is not convincing. For these reasons, the three titles mentioned in 1 John 2:12-14 can be seen as referring to the entire audience as one group. The author praises the recipients as beloved children, mature fathers, and victorious young men, while encouraging them to live according to their faith and status.
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