미국소년사법의 새로운 전개-소년법적용연령의 확대에 따른 엄벌주의로부터의 탈피-
Study on New Development of American Juvenile Justice
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Abstract
Researchers focused on brain development have found that 18-to 24-year-olds—also referred to as young adults — stand out as a distinct developmental group with heightened impulsive behavior, risk taking, and poor decision making. Young adults are also frequently not connected to education or jobs—approximately 1 in 5 young adults (the majority of whom are black or Latino) were out of school and out of work in 2013. These factors increase the odds that a young adult might come into contact with the justice system. As states work to ensure that limited resources are used efficiently to protect public safety, they need to develop a strategy for addressing the distinct needs of young adults under juvenile or adult criminal justice system supervision. Illinois recently joined to “raise the age” of juvenile court jurisdiction. Until December 31, 2009, 17-year-olds were always tried as adults for any crime. In 2008, the Juvenile Justice Initiative successfully passed the Senate Bill 2275. The bill was signed into law, Public Act 95-1031, on February 10, 2009, which allowed 17-year-olds charged with misdemeanors to be tried in juvenile court. Further “raise the age” reform happened in 2013. The JJI successfully advocated for House Bill 2404–a bill to extend juvenile court jurisdiction to include 17-year-olds charged with felonies–and urged then-Gov. Quinn to sign it into law, Public Act 098-0061 . Effective on January 1, 2014, the PA 098-0061 amended the definition of delinquent minor in the Juvenile Court Act to include a person who was under 18 years of age when he/she committed an alleged felony offense. “This change brings Illinois in line with 38 other states – and the rest of the world – who all recognize that seventeen year olds deserve the protections and the treatment solely available in the juvenile court in order to prevent reoffending.” JJI supports raising the age of juvenile court to 21 to bring our court system in line with research that shows young adults (people ages 18-21) are more similar to juveniles than adults in terms of criminal offending. In this study, I studied recent movements of the American Juvenile Justice (raising age for applying juvenile law in Connecticut State and Illinois State). This movement acknowledged the failure of severe punishment so far, it is the beginning of a new juvenile policy Dealing with juvenile delinquency can not be solved by simple severe punishment. The sense of security obtained by severe punishment is false, rather it will leave important issues.
참고문헌 (32)
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