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조지아 대외정책의 방향성 : 조지아의 對 EU, 러시아 관계 및 나토 가입 이슈를 중심으로

Georgia’s Foreign Policy Direction : Focusing on Georgia-EU, Georgia-Russia Relations and Georgia’s NATO Accession Issues

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본고는 조지아 대외정책의 방향성을 조지아의 EU, 러시아 관계와 나토 가입 이슈를 중심으로 분석하는 내용으로 구성되었다. 2003년 장미 혁명 이후로 조지아의 대외정책은 EU와 나토 가입을 중심으로 이루어졌다. 조지아는 2014년 EU와 협력협정을 체결하면서 EU 가입에 가까이 다가갔다. 2012년 새롭게 등장한 이바니쉬빌리 정권도 조지아의 EU 가입과 나토 가입을 적극 추진하고 있다. 그러나 그렇다고 조지아의 EU 가입이 곧 실현되리라고 보기는 어렵다. 지역강대국인 러시아의 존재가 조지아의 EU 가입을 방해하고 있다. 이 사실이 전체적으로 조지아 대외정책 방향성의 변수로 작동하고 있다. 조지아는 독립 초기에는 나토 가입을 EU 가입보다도 더 우선적으로 추진하였다. 그러나 2008년 러시아-조지아 전쟁으로 조지아의 나토 가입은 매우 어려운 상황이 되었다. 조지아의 EU 가입이 언제 이루어질지는 불명확하다. ‘협력협정’ 체결 자체가 EU 가입을 확실히 확약해주는 보증서가 될 수 없다. 러시아-조지아 관계는 2008년 전쟁의 분위기가 현재까지 이어지고 있다. 그러나 조지아는 EU 가입이라는 확실한 대외정책을 가지고 있고 이를 포기하지 않을 것이다. 양국 관계는 현재 2008년 전쟁 전후의 상황에 머물고 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 조지아 대외정책의 변수는 서방, 러시아 등 국제 정치 행위자들의 국제관계에 연동 받을 것이며, 이는 조지아 대외관계의 불안정성 요소가 될 것이다.

Abstract

This paper is composed of contents analyzing Georgia's foreign policy direction, focusing on Georgia's EU and Russian relations and NATO accession issues. After the Rose Revolution in 2003, Georgia's foreign policy was centered around the EU and NATO accession. Georgia came close to joining the EU by signing Associate Agreement(AA) with the EU in 2014. Ivanishvili regime, which emerged in 2012, is also actively pushing Georgia to join the EU and NATO member states. However, It does not mean that Georgia's accession to the EU will soon be realized. The presence of Russia, a regional powerhouse, is preventing Georgia from joining the EU. This fact acts as a variable in the direction of Georgia's foreign policy as a whole. In the early days of independence, Georgia promoted accession to NATO prior to accession to the EU. However, the 2008 Russia-Georgia War made it very difficult for Georgia to join NATO membership. It is unclear when Georgia will join the EU. The signing of the Associate Agreement itself cannot be a guarantee that affirms EU membership. Russia-Georgia relations continue to be the atmosphere of the 2008 war. However, Georgia has a clear foreign policy of joining the EU and will not give up. It is no exaggeration to say that the relationship between the two countries is currently in the post-war situation in 2008. The variables of Georgia's foreign policy will be linked to the international relations of international political actors such as the West and Russia, which will become an element of instability in Georgia's foreign relations.

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