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조지아 친(親)서방 정향성의 특성과 함의: 국제관계 및 국내정치적 상황을 중심으로

The Study on Characteristics and Implications of Georgia’s Pro-Western Orientation: Focusing on International Relations and Domestic Political Situations

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초록

본고는 조지아의 친(親)서방 정향성을 사카쉬빌리 정부와 2012년 이후의 신정부의 정치적 상황, EU 및 NATO와의 국제관계를 중심으로 분석하는 시도로 구성되었다. 그리고 조지아-러시아 관계를 통해서 나타나는 조지아의 전반적인 친서방 정향성의 함의를 도출하는 내용으로 이루어졌다. 본고는 서방 정향성을 파악하기 위해서는 조지아의 기본적인 정치적 상황이 서술되어야 한다는 전제 하에 2012년 총선 이후의 선거 결과를 내용에 포함하였다. 이는 조지아-서방, 조지아-러시아의 관계를 이해하는 주요 요소가 될 것으로 판단된다. 전체적으로 사카쉬빌리 정부뿐만 아니라 이바니쉬빌리를 정점으로 했던 신정부 하에서 조지아는 일관되게 친서방 정향성을 보이고 있다. 신정부는 대(對)러시아 정책의 한계를 절감하였고, 유럽 지향이라는 국가적 희망을 강력히 표명할 수밖에 없다는 사실을 인정하였다. 조지아 외무장관들이 종종 친서방 정향성을 국제사회에 자주 표명하였던 이유이기도 하다. 즉 조지아의 미래 방향성은 명확하며, 상당한 기간 동안 이러한 방향으로 나아갈 것으로 전망된다. 그리고 그 결과가 EU가입으로 나타나든 혹은 NATO가입으로 나타나든, 국가적 원심력은 일정한 방향성을 보이게 될 것이다.

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to analyze Georgia’s pro-Western orientation by analyzing the political situation of the new government after 2012 and the international relations with the EU and NATO. This article includes the election results after the general elections in 2012, assuming that Georgia’s basic political situation must be described in order to understand Georgia’s Western orientation. This would be a key element in understanding the Georgia-West, Georgia-Russia relationship. Overall, under the new government, which peaked at the ‘Bidzina Ivanishvili’ government as well as the ‘Sakashvili’ government, Georgia is consistently pro-Western. The new government has reduced the limitations of the Russian policy and acknowledged that it cannot but declare the national hope of the European orientation. This is why Georgian foreign ministers often expressed Georgia’s pro-Western orientation to the international community. In other words, the future direction of Georgia is clear, and it is expected that it will move toward a EU orientation for a considerable period of time. And if the outcome is EU membership, or NATO membership, then the national centrifugal force will have a certain direction. Chapter II analyzes the characteristics and implications of Georgia’s Western Orientation through Elections in 2010. Chapter III will examine the international relations and pro-Western orientation of Georgia such as Georgia-EU and Georgia-NATO relations. Chapter IV analyzes some factors of pro-Western some considerations while describing Georgian-Russian relations and Georgia territorial integrity.

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