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구미 근현대헌법상 종교와 정치의 관계의 변천 - 형식적 政敎分離에서 政敎互容의 시대로 -

Changes in Relation between Religion and Politics in Modern and Contemporary Constitutions in Western Countries - From the Strict Separation to the Accommodation -

홍기원
법학연구소 (The Institute of Legal Studies Konkuk University)|2017.08|외법논집 (HUFS Law Review)|제41권 제3호|pp. 185-204|DOI 10.17257/hufslr.2017.41.3.185

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참고문헌

키워드

종교의 자유정교분리Freedom of ReligionConstitution of the Republic of KoreaEstablishment Clause정교호용대한민국헌법 제20조 제2항국교수립금지Separation between Religion and StateGovernment Accommodation of ReligionArt. 20Sect. 2
주제분류법학

초록

본고는 대한민국헌법 제20조 제2항 소정의 정교분리의 원칙을 어떻게 해석해야 하는지에 관한 문제를 구미 근현대헌법상 종교와 정치의 관계가 어떻게 변천해 왔는지를 살펴봄으로써 그 헌법해석에대한 참조를 얻고자 하는 것을 목표로 한다. 우선 1770년대부터 구미 근대헌법상 종교와 정치 간의관계를 규율한 것은 토마스 제퍼슨 식의 엄격한 형식주의적 정교분리였음을 밝힌다. 그 다음으로는1970년대부터 각종 사회문제에 종교계의 참여가 활발해지면서 종교와 정치 간의 관계를 재설정해야할 필요성이 제기되어 왔음을 살핀다. 전자의 시대가 정교분리의 시대였다면, 후자의 시대는 정교호용의 시대가 될 것이다.

Abstract

This article aims to deal with the question of how to interpret Art. 20, Sect. 2, Constitution of the Republic of Korea, by a historical survey of the changes which have been brought about in modern and contemporary constitutions of Western countries. First, it makes clear that it is a Thomas Jefferson’s doctrine of separationism which had dominated the Western constitutions since 1770s. Then, it will be related that with more active participations of many confessions in sundry social problems like abortion, one came to think it necessary to modify our conception on the relation between religion and state. The first stage in the history can be termed as the age of separation between religion and state, and the second, that of government accommodation of religion.

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