종교인의 정치참여와 정교분리의 원칙

Abstract

Today, the freedom of religion is recognized as one of the most important fundamental rights of the Constitution, by repeatedly experiencing the catastrophic consequences of religious fundamentalism. In addition, the Separation of politics and religion has been widely recognized in the modern Constitution in order to prevent the power of a particular religion from determining secular order. However, it should be distinguished from the political participation of religious people. The principle of ‘separation of politics and religion’ is interpreted variously, even differently. Although it contains an important meaning as a constitutional principle, there are still a few points to be worried about the concrete application. Moreover, in Korea, the relationship between politics and religion has been distorted as a result of the Japanese colonial era and the dictatorship regime. The purpose of this article is to clarify the meaning of the principle of ‘separation of politics and religion’ and the specific scope of application. The area in which the political influence of religion is to be excluded and fundamental rights of religious people should also delicately distinguish where political participation should be permitted as a citizen. This is discussed in ‘The Characteristics of Religion and the Separation of politics and religion.’ On the basis of this, we have confirmed the fact that 'freedom of religion of politicians and political fundamental rights of religious people' should be recognized. 'the role and limitation of religious organizations as pressure organizations', 'principle of separation of politics and religion', and the scope of its legitimacy is examined. True religion, as suggested by the work of Nathan der Weise, written by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in Germany, not through conflicts and struggles in the world, but to lead human life right, You will have to prove yourself by trying to save yourself. Religious freedom and peace through mutual respect among religions will be ensured. It does not mean that religious people should leave the world or indifferent to secular order. It may be a politician and a religious person, as well as a farmer, a worker and a religious person. In addition, there is no reason why religious people are denied political participation of religious people because they are the subjects of political fundamental rights as one of the people in secular order. However, it should not identify politics and religion. In this sense, the principle of ‘separation of politics and religion’ is not only an important constitutional request to secure freedom of religion but also a measure of the possibility and limitations of political participation by religious people.