2010년 오쉬 사태 이후 키르기스 국가와사회의 반응을 통해 본 키르기스 민족주의
Kyrgyz Nationalism Viewed in the Reactions of the Kyrgyz State and Society after the 2010 Osh Events
0
조회
0
다운로드
4
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 글의 목적은 2010년 6월 키르기스스탄 남부 오쉬 및 그 인근에서 키르기스인과 우즈베크인 간에 폭력적인 충돌이 발발한 이후 키르기스 국가와 사회가 보인 반응의 키르기스 민족주의적 양상과 특성을 밝히는 것이다. 키르기스스탄 국가는 공식적으로는 혹은 수사적으로는 시민적 정체성의 형성을 지지하는 입장을 표명하지만, 국가기구가 취하는 실제 행동과 정책은 종종 키르기스 민족주의적인 성격을 내포한다. 특히 오쉬 사태 직후 키르기스 사회는 키르기스 민족주의 정서를 제도권 정치 영역에서 표현하기도 했고, 현재에는 언론 보도와 직접행동을 통해 민족주의적 혐오를 실천하기도 한다. 이러한 키르기스 민족주의는 소비에트 민족 개념의 유산을 선별적으로 계승하여 구성된 것이자 대외적으로는 지정학적 조건에 대한, 대내적으로는 언어적 분열에 대한 불안함에 대해 보인 반응이라는 점을 특징으로 나타낸다.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to elucidate the Kyrgyz nationalistic aspects and characteristics of the reactions exhibited by the Kyrgyz state and society after the violent clashes between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks broke out in Osh, southern Kyrgyzstan and its neighborhoods in June 2010. Although the Kyrgyzstani state officially or rhetorically expresses support for the formation of civic identity, the actual behaviors and policies of the Kyrgyzstani state institutions often imply Kyrgyz nationalistic nature. Immediately after the 2010 Osh events in particular Kyrgyz society displayed Kyrgyz nationalistic sentiment in the sphere of institutional politics, nowadays puts into practice its nationalistic hatred through media coverage and direct action. Kyrgyz nationalism could be characterized by the fact that it is a construct of the selective inheritance of the Soviet nationality concept and is a reaction to the insecurities about the external geopolitical conditions and about the internal linguistic divide.
참고문헌 (66)
- 강봉구, "마나스의 후예?: 키르기스 민족정체성 형성의 특징", 러시아연구, 19(1), pp.1~30 (2009), 러시아연구소
- 강봉구, "키르기스스탄 남부의 종족간 충돌에 관한 연구:2010년의 사례를 중심으로", 분쟁해결연구, 9(3), pp.187~219 (2011), 분쟁해결연구센터
- 강봉구, "중앙아시아 페르가나 지역의 국경 분쟁", 슬라브학보, 28(1), pp.1~40 (2013), 한국슬라브․유라시아학회
- 강봉구, "잠복과 분출: 키르기스스탄 민족주의 정치의 특성과 원인", 슬라브학보, 29(2), pp.1~46 (2014), 한국슬라브․유라시아학회
- 고가영, "엇갈린 국경, 길 잃은 민족들: 러시아와 동유럽의 사례" (2009), 동북아역사재단
- 김태연, "현대 러시아에서의 루스끼 민족주의 : 그 발생, 특성 그리고 정치적 의미", 슬라브학보, 24(1), pp.149~182 (2009), 한국슬라브․유라시아학회
- 김태연, "1990년 및 2010년 키르기스스탄 오쉬 사태:민족 간 폭력의 발발 기제를 중심으로", 중소연구, 39(3), pp.305~350 (2015), 아태지역연구센터
- Amnesty International, "Kyrgyzstan: Dereliction of Duty" (2012)
- Billig, Michael, "Banal Nationalism" (1995), Sage
- Bohr, Annette, "The Nationalities Question in the Post-Soviet States" (1996), Longman
- Brubaker, Rogers, "Nation and National Identity: The European Experience in Perspective" (1999), Rüegger
- "Kyrgyzstan Votes for Intolerance, Bans Finnish Investigator" (2011)[URL]
- Fumagalli, Matteo, "Framing Ethnic Minority Mobilisation in Central Asia:The Cases of Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan", Europe-Asia Studies, 59(4) (2007)
- Fumagalli, Matteo, "The 2015 Parliamentary Election in Kyrgyzstan", Electoral Studies, 42 (2016)
- The June 2010 ‘Events’ Four Years On: Past, Present, Future, "Galdini, Franco", ~, pp.Central Asia Security Policy Briefs No. 15 (2014)
- Gorenburg, Dmitry P, "Minority Ethnic Mobilization in the Russian Federation" (2003), Cambridge University Press
- "Comments by the Government of Kyrgyzstan in Response to the Report of the Kyrgyzstan Inquiry Commission into the Events in Southern Kyrgyzstan in June 2010" (2011)[URL]
- Gullette, David, "The Affective Politics of Sovereignty: Reflecting on the 2010 Conflict in Kyrgyzstan", Nationalities Papers, 42(1) (2015)
- Hale, Henry E, "The Formations of Ethnic Politics: Separatism of States and Nations in Eurasia and the World" (2008), Cambridge University Press
- "Electoral Geography in Osh: The Political Effects of Ethnic Exclusion" (2012)[URL]
- Hirsch, Francine, "Toward an Empire of Nations: Border-Making and the Formations of Soviet National Identities", The Russian Review, 59(2) (2000)
- "Kyrgyzstan Blocks Main Central Asian News Agency" (2012)[URL]
- Human Rights Watch, "Distorted Justice: Kyrgyzstan’s Flawed Investigations and Trials on the 2010 Violence" (2011)
- Huskey, Eugene, "Regionalism, Personalism, Ethnicity, and Violence: Parties and Voter Preference in the 2010 Parliamentary Election in Kyrgyzstan", Post-Soviet Affairs, 29(3) (2013)
- Central Asia: Islamist Mobilisation and Regional Security, "International Crisis Group", ~, pp.Asia Report No. 14 (2001)
- Kyrgyzstan: Widening Ethnic Divisions in the South, "International Crisis Group", ~, pp.Asia Report No. 222 (2012)
- Kyrgyzstan: An Uncertain Trajectory, "International Crisis Group", ~, pp.Europe and Central Asia Briefing No. 76 (2015)
- Ismailbekova, Aksana, "Spaces of Conflict in Everyday Life: Perspectives across Asia" (2015), Transcript
- Khamidov, Alisher, "The Danger of Ethnic Nationalism in Kyrgyzstan", Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst, 13(5) (2011)
- Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry into the Events in Southern Kyrgyzstan in June 2010, "KIC", ~ (2010)
- Kuzio, Taras, "The Myth of the Civic State: A Critical Survey of Hans Kohn’s Framework for Understanding Nationalism", Ethnic and Racial Studies, 25(1) (2002)
- Landau, Jacob M, "Language Politics in Contemporary Central Asia: National and Ethnic Identity and the Soviet Legacy" (2012), I.B.Tauris
- Laruelle, Marlène, "The Paradigm of Nationalism in Kyrgyzstan: Evolving Narrative, the Sovereignty Issue, and Political Agenda", Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 45(1-2) (2012)
- Liu, Morgan Y, "Under Solomon’s Throne: Uzbek Visions of Renewal in Osh" (2012), University of Pittsburgh Press
- Lowe, Robert, "Central Asia: Aspects of Transition" (2003), RoutledgeCurzon
- Martin, Terry, "A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-Making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin" (2001), Oxford University Press
- McDowell, Christopher, "Death to Sarts’: History, Injustice and a Complex Insult in Central Asia", Anthropology Today, 28(6) (2012)
- McGlinchey, Eric, "Exploring Regime Instability and Ethnic Violence in Kyrgyzstan", Asia Policy, (12) (2011)
- Megoran, Nick, "The Critical Geopolitics of the Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan Ferghana Valley Boundary Dispute, 1999-2000", Political Geography, 23(6) (2004)
- Averting Violence in Kyrgyzstan: Understanding and Responding to Nationalism, "Megoran, Nick", ~, pp.Russian and Eurasia Programme Paper: 2012 (2012), 03
- Naumann, Matthew, "State of the World’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2011: Events of 2010" (2011), Minority Rights Group International
- Naumann, Matthew, "State of the World’s Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2012: Events of 2011" (2012), Minority Rights Group International
- "In Osh, the Flames Have Died Down, but Not the Discontent" (2015)[URL]
- Sabol, Steven, "The Creation of Soviet Central Asia: The 1924 National Delimitation", Central Asian Survey, 14(2) (1995)
- School of Peacemaking, "Hate Speech in the Media and Internet" (2014), Bishkek
- Smith, Anthony D, "National Identity" (1991), Penguin Books
- Tishkov, Valery, "‘Don’t Kill Me, I’m a Kyrgyz!’: An Anthropological Analysis of Violence in the Osh Ethnic Conflict", Journal of Peace Research, 32(2) (1995)
- Tishkov, Valery, "Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in and after the Soviet Union: The Mind Aflame" (1997), Sage
- "Unfinished Business in Kyrgyzstan" (2015)[URL]
- "Kyrgyzstan’s Secret Police Harassing Sources, Think-Tank Says" (2012)[URL]
- "Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Juan E. Méndez. Addendum. Mission to Kyrgyzstan" (2012)[URL]
- "Kyrgyzstan: Where the Restaurants in Osh Have New Names" (2011)[URL]
- Wilkinson, Cai, "Imagining Kyrgyzstan’s Nationhood and Statehood:Reactions to the 2010 Osh Violence", Nationalities Papers, 43(3) (2015)
- "Кыргызстан: опять нападение на этнического узбека, и опять преступники уходят от ответственности" (2014)[URL]
- "Ондоруш Токтонасыров: Отчёт Международной комиссии по исследованию событий на юге Кыргызстана подобен взрывоопасному веществу" (2011)[URL]
- "Постановление Жогорку Кенеша Кыргызской Республики от 26 мая 2011 года № 500-V Об Отчете Международной независимой комиссии по исследованию событий на юге Кыргызстана в июне 2010 года" (2011)[URL]
- "С выводами Международной независимой комиссии по расследованию июньских событий 2010 года патриоты Кыргызстана не согласны!" (2011)[URL]
- "Камчибек Ташиев: «Если русские, узбеки или турки скажут, что они - наравне с киргизами или выше их, - государство развалится»" (2010)[URL]
- "Результаты выборов по областям и районам Кыргызской Республики"[URL]
- "Кыргызский национализм, проблемы нациестроительства и проект будущего" (2016)[URL]
- Мырзакматов, Мелис, "В поисках истины. Ошская трагедия: документы, факты, интервью, обращения и заявления" (2011), Турар
- Национальный статистический комитет Кыргызской Республики, "Перепись населения и жилищного фонда Кыргызской Республики 2009 года. Книга III. Регионы Кыргызстана. Город Ош. Бишкек", ~ (2009)
- Нурумов, Дмитрий, "Юг Киргизии или чать “Большого Узбекистана”?", КонтиненТ, 17(30) (2000)
- "Концепция укрепления единства народа и межэтнических отношений в Кыргызской Республике" (2013)[URL]
- "Национальная Программа развития государственного языка и совершенствования языковой политики в Крыгызской Республике на 2014-2020 годы" (2014)[URL]
- Яловкина, Анна, "Нацсовет проголосовал за принятие новой программы развития госязыка", Вечерний Бишкек, 25 (2014)
