경계인 개념을 통해 본 2010년 오쉬 사태이전과 이후의 오쉬 우즈베크인
Osh Uzbeks before and after the 2010 Osh Conflicts throughthe Perspective of the Marginal Man Concept
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이 글의 목적은 경계인 개념을 통해 2010년 오쉬 사태 이전과 이후에 오쉬 우즈베크인이 나타낸 존재적 특성과 대응 양상을 고찰하는 것이다. 2000년대 들어 오쉬 우즈베크인은 고국 우즈베키스탄과 거주국 키르기스스탄으로부터 ‘이중의 배제’를 겪는 경계적 상황에 놓이게 되었다. 이러한 상황에서 이들의 고국 귀속의식이 약화되고 이들과 거주국 국민의 다수를 이루는 키르기스인의 관계가 악화됨에 따라 이들은 경계인으로서의 존재적 특성을 나타내기 시작했다. 그러던 중 2010년 오쉬 지역에서 키르기스인과 우즈베크인 사이에서 대규모 민족 간 폭력사태가 발발했고, 이 사태는 2010년대 이후 키르기스스탄에서 우즈베크인에 대한 사회적 배제를 더욱 심화시키는 계기가 되었다. 이처럼 경계적 상황이 극단화된 조건에서 오쉬 우즈베크인은 이주와 결혼이라는 ‘갈등 회피 전략’을 선택했는데, 이러한 대응 양상은 정치참여와 결사형성을 모두 거부하는, 사회정치적 문제를 대하는 ‘사화’ 유형의 행동이었다. 이때 오쉬 우즈베크인의 상황적․존재적 경계성이 이들이 취할 수 있는 대응 양상의 선택 범위를 제한한 요인으로 작용했다.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate the existential characteristics and the response patterns that Osh Uzbeks have shown before and after the 2010 Osh conflicts through the perspective of the marginal man concept. Since the 2000s Osh Uzbeks have become placed in the marginal situation of ‘double exclusion’ from their homeland Uzbekistan and their country of residence Kyrgyzstan. In this situation, as their sense of affiliation toward the homeland has weakened and their relations with the Kyrgyz that constitute the majority of people in their country of residence have worsened, they have begun to represent the existential characteristics as the marginal man. Meanwhile, large-scale interethnic violence between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks broke out in the Osh region in 2010 and this conflict served as a momentum to intensify the social exclusion of Osh Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan since the 2010s. In these conditions of extremization of the marginal situation Osh Uzbeks adopted ‘a strategy of conflict avoidance’, that is migration and marriage. This response pattern was the action of ‘privatization’ type that refuses both political participation and the formation of an association. At that time the Osh Uzbeks’ situational and existential marginality acted as the factor that limited a range of options that they could adopt as their response patterns.
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