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1990년 및 2010년 키르기스스탄 오쉬 사태:민족 간 폭력의 발발 기제를 중심으로

The Osh Conflicts in Kyrgyzstan in 1990 and 2010: With a Focus on the Outbreak Mechanisms of Interethnic Violence

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1990년 6월과 2010년 6월 키르기스스탄 남부 오쉬 지역에서는 키르기스인과 우즈베크인 간의 대규모 유혈충돌이 발생했다. 이 논문은 민족 간 폭력의 원인보다는 그 발발 기제에 초점을 맞추어 두 차례의 오쉬 사태를 분석한다. 구조적 조건, 행위자, 이슈 등 두 폭력사태가 발생하는 데 영향을 미친 구체적인 상황과 요인은 달랐다. 그러나 두 사태 모두 과거의 유산에 의해 형성된 현실의 변화가 사회적 불확실성과 갈등을 조성하는 상황에서 정치 엘리트가 이러한 불확실성을 가중시키는 실책을 범하자 이에 민족 집단이 불확실성을 해소하기 위해 폭력을 사용하면서 일어났다.

Abstract

The large-scale bloody clashes between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks took place in the Osh region of southern Kyrgyzstan in June 1990 and in June 2010. This article analyzes these two Osh conflicts with a focus on the outbreak mechanisms of interethnic violence rather than its causes. The different concrete circumstances and factors such as the structural conditions, the agents and the issues had an influence on the occurrence of these two violent events. But both conflicts broke out in the following way: in circumstances where the changes in the realities shaped by the legacy of the past created the social uncertainties and tensions, the political elite made a mistake of aggravating these uncertainties, and then the ethnic groups resorted to violence in order to address them.

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