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장기목표를 달성하는 힘: 그릿이 높은 사람들이 보이는 미래시간조망에서의 특성

The power of achieving long-term goal: Characteristic of the gritty people based on future time perspective

손영우|이수란|오아량
한국사회및성격심리학회|2019.08|한국심리학회지: 사회및성격 (Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology)|제33권 제3호|pp. 43-63|DOI 10.21193/kjspp.2019.33.3.003

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참고문헌

키워드

conscientiousness그릿성실성grit미래시간조망장기목표주관적 시간지각future time perspectivelong-term goalsubjective temporal perception
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구에서는 장기목표와 관련된 그릿의 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 그릿이 ‘장기목표’에 대한 끈기와 열정으로 정의됨에도 불구하고, 그릿과 장기목표를 구체적으로 살펴본 연구는 거의 전무하다. 따라서 본 연구는 미래에 대해 가깝거나 멀게 지각하는 주관적인 시간지각이 현재 행동에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여주는 미래시간조망 이론을 적용하여 그릿 수준이 높은 사람들이 객관적으로 더 먼 장기목표를 추구하면서도 이를 심리적으로 더 가깝게 지각하고 있는지를 검증하고자 하였다. 이 때, 그릿과 유사한 개념으로 알려진 성실성이 장기목표 설정 및 지각에서 어떤 차이를 보이는지 함께 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 대학생 120명에게 본인의 장기목표가 달성될 수 있는 시점의 나이와 목표까지 남은 시간의 길이를 표시하도록 하였다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 그릿은 성실성의 영향력을 통제했을 때도 유의하게 장기목표까지의 객관적 거리와 심리적 거리를 예측하였지만, 성실성은 장기목표에 대한 시간지각을 모두 예측하지 못하였다. 이러한 결과는 그릿이 장기적인 목표를 추구한다는 점에서 성실성과 구별되는 개념이라는 선행연구의 결과를 지지하고 있으며, 장기목표를 꾸준히 달성해나가는 것으로 알려진 그릿의 특성을 시간지각 측면에서 확인하였다는 함의를 갖는다.

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the characteristic of grit related to long-term goal. Despite grit is defined as perseverance and passion for a long-term goal, little is known about the relationship between grit and long-term goal. Therefore, based on the theory of future time perspective, which explains the subjective temporal perception that perceives close to or far from reaching future goals could motivate the present behavior, we aimed to identify gritty people would objectively pursue further distant goals from the present, and feel more psychologically closer to the long-term goals. We also investigated how conscientiousness, which is considered a similar concept as grit, differs from grit in long-term goal setting and perception. 120 university students were asked to draw a line to a point when they would achieve their long-term goal in their life span and write down the age of that point in their life. The result showed that grit was a still significant indicator of objective distance and psychological distance to the long-term goals even when conscientiousness was controlled. However, conscientiousness was not associated with all of the time perception to the long-term goals. These findings support the result of the literatures, which argues that grit is a distinct concept from conscientiousness in pursuing long-term goals, and have the implication that we verified the characteristics of grit known to achieve long-term goals in terms of time perception.

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