그릿과 성실성이 학업 수행에 미치는 영향: 자기결정성 동기의 매개효과
Effects of Grit and Conscientiousness on Academic Performance : The Mediation Effects of Self-Determination Motivation
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장기 목표에 대한 열정과 인내를 의미하는 그릿(Grit)은 학업을 포함한 다양한 수행을 성공적으로 예측하는 변인으로 주목받고 있으나, 개념적으로 유사한 성실성과 어떤 관련성이 있는지에 대한 경험적 연구가 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구는 그릿과 성실성이 자기결정성 동기를 통해 학업수행에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. 355명의 대학생을 대상으로 설문을 실시한 결과, 그릿과 성실성이 모두 학업성적을 예측하였으며 이 때 내적 동기의 매개효과가 나타났다. 그러나 그릿은 성실성을 통제했을 때도 동일한 매개효과가 나타난 반면, 성실성은 그릿을 통제했을 때 동기 및 학업성적에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 이러한 결과는 두 개념이 서로 유사한 부분을 공유하지만, 공통적인 부분을 통제했을 때는 그릿이 보다 강력한 동기 및 행동을 유발하는 역할을 할 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 그릿과 성실성을 비교 관찰하여 그릿에 대한 이해를 확장했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 향후 연구로서 그릿의 변별성 확립을 위한 그릿 척도의 재정비를 제안하였다.
Abstract
Grit, defined as “perseverance and passion for long-term goals”, is a known personality trait that successfully predicts high performance in various fields. In spite of extant evidence of the effectiveness of grit, research has not yet clarified the relationship between grit and conscientiousness, a highly correlated personality trait. In this study(N = 355), we examined the effect of grit and conscientiousness on academic achievement, mediated by self-determination motivation. As a result, grit and conscientiousness both predicted academic performance, and intrinsic motivation mediated these relationships. However, conscientiousness no longer related with motivation and academic achievement when grit was controlled for, whereas grit maintained its relationship with motivation and achievement even when conscientiousness was controlled. This result indicates that although the two psychological concepts overlap to some extent, grit has a unique motivational and behavioral effect that distinguishes it from conscientiousness. The present study expands the current understanding of grit with its comparison between grit and conscientiousness. We suggest future research ought refine the grit scale to establish its discriminant validity.
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