NATO의 신전략개념과 글로벌 파트너쉽
NATO's New Strategic Concept and Global Partnership
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1990년대 초 냉전의 종료와 더불어 NATO는 안팎에서 그 존립근거와 동맹의 미래 역할에 대하여 제기된 강한 도전과 회의에도 불구하고 코소보 전쟁을비롯한 각종 분쟁에 적극적으로 개입하고 다양한 파트너쉽 프로그램의 도입과동유럽 지역으로의 대대적인 회원국 확대를 통해 유럽안보의 중심축 위상을 고수했다. 특히 9/11 이후 글로벌 대테러 전쟁에 본격적으로 참여하면서 아프가니스탄에서의 국제평화지원군(ISAF) 작전을 주도함으로써 유럽-북대서양의 지리적 경계를 뛰어넘어 다양한 안보이슈를 다루는 국제 안보레짐으로 발전해가고 있다. 본 논문은 탈냉전 시대 NATO의 존립과 발전에 대한 이론적 논의를 바탕으로 동맹의 발전방향을 분석한 후, 향후 NATO가 담당할 국제안보역할의 미래를 조망하고자 한다. 저자는 먼저 국가 간 협력과 제도에 대한 신현실주의와자유적제도주의의 이론을 바탕으로 탈냉전시대 NATO의 존립과 발전의 이론적근거를 검토할 것이다. 그와 더불어 지난 10여 년간 NATO의 미래를 둘러싸고치열하게 전개된 미국과 유럽 측 회원국 간의 치열한 논쟁과 그 결과로서 도출된 2010년 신전략개념을 고찰할 것이다. NATO의 신전략개념은 “글로벌NATO”를 통해 21세기 세계질서를 주도하려는 미국의 야심적인 비전과 그에대한 유럽 국가들의 우려와 반발, 그리고 현실적 제약요인 간 타협의 산물로 파악된다. 마지막 장에서는 글로벌 파트너쉽을 중심으로 글로벌 안보기구로서의NATO의 향후 발전 가능성을 고찰하고 그것이 한반도와 동아시아 안보에 갖는 함의를 도출할 것이다.
Abstract
With the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, the NATO was put into a precarious situation with not so bright prospects of the alliance's survival and continuous development. The institution, however, successfully reinforced its leadership role in European security and carried out a series of major reform measures in order to better cope with the newly emerging global and regional security landscape. Since the mid- 1990s, NATO was engaged in numerous military and civilian-military exercises in many flash points in the world and completed three times of enlargement towards Central and Eastern European countries. The Organization strengthened partnership relations with a wide range of state actors and international organizations. In particular, the trend of strengthening its ties with the contact countries in East Asia within the framework of a global partnership represents an essential change in NATO's role in international security. This research will examine the extent to which the adoption of a new strategic concept and the development of a global partnership has affected the alliance's identity and the prospects of its enlargement and transformation in the coming future.
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