중국의 한국전 참전과 이후 북중소의 상호관계

Abstract

Although the Korean War became a full-blown international war with China’s participation, the positions of the three communist countries on the participation of the Chinese military and the subsequent situation were not always in agreement. Rather, differences in each country’s understanding and goals of the war led to hidden conflicts and contradictions between them. Both the UN and the Communist side preferred a limited, non- escalating war to a complete victory for their camp. However, Kim Il-sung’s leadership regarded China’s entry in the war as an opportunity to achieve its goals in the early stages of the war. For a while he used the following slogan and spread it throughout society: “Intensify the pace of attacks against the enemy, do not give the retreating enemy a chance to breathe, do not give them a chance to build new defensive positions, and do not give them time to reorganize their troops”. However, the second opportunity the North Korean leadership had after the outbreak of the Korean War was wasted because it reluctantly accepted the Chinese command’s policy towards the Chinese army, which needed rest after an intense battle. As a result, China’s ‘passive’ attitude seems to have led to its agreement to effectively consolidate the front line. For North Korea, there was no reason to continue the war, which was only adding to the damage caused by the war of attrition and the bombing by the US Air Force, while losing all hope of victory. Therefore, when the armistice negotiations began, North Korea continued to want the armistice the most, but the battlefield environment that had turned into an international war took more than two years to conclude the armistice agreement.